Language-specific Insights

complete verse (1 Timothy 3:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 3:5:

  • Uma: “For if there is a person who does not know how to manage well the people in his own house, his taking-care-of our one-faith relatives who believe in God will not be good either.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because just think (you pl) if the one titled leader does not even know how to-take-care-of his children and wife how can he take-care-of the ones trusting in Isa in-his-holding/under-him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “For the man who does not know how to lead his wife and children, how will he ever lead the people who are believers in God?” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because if he doesn’t know how to manage his family, will he be able do-you-suppose to care-for the congregation of God?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For if he doesn’t know how to supervise even his own household, for he isn’t able to keep-their-conduct-good, how can he oversee the believers in God?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “If he doesn’t know how to rule well in his house, then he won’t know how to lead where God’s people gather together.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 3:15)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 3:15:

  • Uma: “You did indeed kill Yesus. But God made him live again, since after all Yesus is the one that gives good life. We (excl.) here are witnesses, because we (excl.) have seen with our eyes [emphatic] that he lives again.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “You killed the one who gives life, but God caused him to be alive again and we (excl.) can testify to this.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But the source of life forever you killed, however, God raised him from the dead. We can testify that Jesus was raised from the dead because we saw him.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You had-the one who gives life -killed, but God, he made-him-alive again. And we (excl.) confirm that he truly came-alive because we (excl.) saw (him).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Really back to front is what you did for, as for that Jesus, he is the source of our life, but death is what you rewarded him with. However he was made alive again by God, and we (excl.) testify to this, for after he came alive again, we (excl.) indeed saw/met him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Desano: “You asked that death be given to the one who gives life. Him God the Chief resurrected after he was dead. This we saw that it happened to him.” (Source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

complete verse (Mark 2:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 2:24:

  • Uma: “The Parisi people who were there said to Yesus: ‘Why [in the world] do your (sing.) disciples break the rules of our (incl.) religion? They are working on the worship day!'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then the Pariseo said to Isa, ‘Look. Why is it that your disciples do what is forbidden by the law on a day-of-no-work?'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then the Pharisees said to Jesus, they said, ‘Your disciples are transgressing the commandment given to us by God. Because why are they harvesting today on the Day of Rest?'” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “However there were some Pharisees who said to Jesus, ‘Look, why are your (sing.) disciples breaking the law of us Jews which forbids harvesting on the day for-resting?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When the Pariseo saw, they said to Jesus, ‘Look at what is being done by those disciples of yours! Isn’t it so that it is taboo to harvest on the Day of Rest?'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • English translation by Michael Pakaluk (2019): “So the Pharisees said to him: ‘Look! Why are they, on the Sabbath, doing a thing which is not allowed on the Sabbath?'”

complete verse (1 Timothy 5:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 5:5:

  • Uma: “If there is a woman who is really a widow, it means no-one takes cares of her, she hopes in God alone, day and night she prays calling out to God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But if a widow is alone, what she expects/hopes for is God, she prays and she asks help from God day and night.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Now as for that widow woman who has no one to depend on for her livelihood, she just depends on God, and day and night she prays and asks for help from God.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The widow who has absolutely no one to take-care of her, she expects that God will be the one to help her, so she continues to pray and request help from God every-day and every-night.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well, that widow who is to be pitied because she has no-one to rely on, her trust is concentrated now on God. That’s why night and day she keeps on praying and asking him for help.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But for the widow who lives alone with no one to provide for her, this is the one who must be helped by the fellow believers. Because only in God does she trust and does not rest day or night from calling to God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Acts 4:21)

Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 4:21:

  • Uma: “From there, the judges were even angrier at Petrus and Yohanes. But finally they released them, because there was no way to punish them. Because all the people praised God because of the surprising sign that they had done.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So-then the leaders threatened them yet and then let them go. The leaders did not dare to punish them because all the people there were praising God because of that work of power that had been done.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “However they let them go, and they forbad them to spread it. And the elders, they could not think of a way to punish them because they were afraid of the people. All of the people praised God because of the miracle which was done.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Whereupon the leaders of the Jews again threatened them and then they released them, because they were not able-to-think how to punish them, because the many-people, they were praising God on-account-of the amazing-thing that was done.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “When those leaders heard, they again threatened Pedro-and-companion that they really would be punished if they continued that teaching of theirs. But well, they released them anyway, for they couldn’t find how they could punish them at once. For they feared the mass of people, for that crowd was praising God because of that amazing thing which had been done.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)

complete verse (Mark 3:28)

Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 3:28:

  • Uma: “‘Indeed I say to you: all of man’s sins and their words of rejecting can be forgiven.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘Truly I say to you,’ said Isa, ‘God will forgive all sin of people and whatever bad/evil he speaks of God.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Remember this,’ says Jesus, ‘that God will forgive people of any sin and anything they say in rejection against him, however,” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘This that I tell you is true that any (lit. even what) sin of a person is able to be forgiven and anything he says to speak-evil-of another.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “What I will say to you really is true, that people will indeed be forgiven for whatever kind of sin and insult if they repent and drop/give-up it.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Mamaindé: (includes verses 29 and 30) “God will forgive their wickedness, he will forgive people, their wickedness, their slanders – he will forgive all of them. But the one who slanders, the one who slanders the Holy Spirit, that person he will never forgive as he is a person who slanders the Holy Spirit, he will never forgive. God will never forgive as he is a person who slanders the Holy Spirit, he will never forgive his badnesse, not disappearing, he will always be ashamed. He will always be ashamed. He said, Jesus said. Why did Jesus speak a speech like this? Jesus, why did he speak? Beforehand, the scribes as they had spoken a lying speech: – – “A devil must be his master”– as they spoke, Jesus, replying, spoke a speech like this.” (Source: Peter K. E. Kingston in Notes on Translation 1973, p. 13ff.)

complete verse (1 Timothy 6:12)

Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Timothy 6:12:

  • Uma: “Don’t stop following the road/way of our faith, hold strongly to good life forever. For that was God’s purpose in calling you to be his portion, so that you get that good life. He called you to be his portion, and in front of many people you have already said that you believe in the Lord Yesus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Really strive to follow/obey God and life without end will belong (in future) to you. Remember that the reason you were chosen by God was so that you could be given this life. And you have confessed before/in-front-of many witnesses that you trust in Isa Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Keep on racing well, which is to say, carrying out all you were given to do because you believed. Hold tight to life which is forever, for the reason God made you a believer is so that you might come to own this. You have announced to many people that you believed the true doctrine.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Put-forth your (sing.) efforts (lit. ability) to believe and serve the Lord Jesus like the athlete who wants to win in order that you will gain the life that has no end. Because God chose you (sing.) to gain this life at your (sing.) saying previously that you (sing.) believed in the Lord Jesus in front of many people.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Imitate a person who competes, that however much is his persevering just so that he will win, like that indeed is how you are in your believing/obeying God. Pursue-without-let-up life which is without ending so that it really will be yours, for that’s the determined-plan of God, that he will give it to you. For isn’t it so that your certainty of this good (situation) is what you stood up for in the past in the presence of everyone?” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Earnestly endeavor that you live according to your faith so that you will meet with the life which is forever. Because God called you to do this. On that day God called you, many people heard you tell of your faith.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (2 Timothy 1:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Timothy 1:2:

  • Uma: “This letter is from me, Paulus, I send it to you, Timotius, my child whom I love. According to the will/desire of God, he appointed [lit., lifted] me to be a apostle [messenger] of Kristus Yesus, to announce the news/message of God’s promise. God’s promise [is]: we get good life forever because of our connection with Kristus Yesus Many greetings: I call-out to God our Father and to Kristus Yesus our Lord, I request that he bless you from his white insides [grace], he show you his love, and he give you goodness of life [peace].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I send this letter to you, Timoteo. You are like my child whom I really love. May our (dual) Father God and Isa Almasi our (dual) Leader always care-for/watch over you. May they also pity/have mercy on you and cause peace in your liver.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “As for you, Timothy, who are like my son for I love you very much, I am writing to you. I am Paul the apostle of Jesus Christ, which is to say, I am his servant. God sent me so that I might tell the news about life forever. This is the life which He promised and which we have already received by means of our being made one with Jesus Christ. May our Father God and our Lord Jesus Christ show you kindness and mercy and give you a peaceful situation.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Here is my letter to you (sing.) Timoteo whom I count as my child whom I love. May mercy/grace/kindness (henceforth mercy/grace) and peace that come-from God our Father and Cristo Jesus our Lord be with you (sing.).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Son Timoteo, who is like my child whom I really hold dear, there-(with-you) is my next letter, I who am Pablo whom Cristo Jesus appointed to apostleship for that was the will of God. For he wants that I would teach concerning the life which is without ending which he promised. As for this life, it becomes ours because of what Cristo Jesus did through his death. I pray that hopefully with you always is the grace/mercy, kind/pitying help and peace of mind/inner-being which God the Father and our Lord/Chief Cristo Jesus give.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Very much do I love you, my son Timothy. I want that God our Father along with our Lord Jesus Christ will bless you, will give you favor, and will put peace in your heart.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)