fat, oil

The different Hebrew, Ge’ez, and Greek terms that are translated as “(olive) oil” and “(animal) fat” in English are translated in Kwere with only one term: mavuta. (Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)

son of

The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “son of” in English is translated in all Icelandic Bible versions of the Icelandic Bible Society (latest edition 2007) in parallel with the Icelandic naming system . This means that for instance in Matthew 16:17 the name that is transliterated and translated in English as “Simon son of Jonah” becomes “Simon Jónasson” or in Isaiah 8:2 “Zechariah son of Jeberechiah” becomes “Sakaría Jeberekíason” where in both cases the “-son” means “son of.”

In cases where “son of” does not refer to a literal father or perhaps stepfather but to lineage, however, this system is not used. So in Matthew 1:1 “Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham” is translated as “Jesú Krists, sonar Davíðs, sonar Abrahams.”

The referenced verses all have at least one instance where the Icelandic patronymic or matronymic naming system is used. (Source: Halldór Elías Guðmundsson)

See also daughter of.

Jerusalem

The name that is transliterated as “Jerusalem” in English is signed in French Sign Language with a sign that depicts worshiping at the Western Wall in Jerusalem:


“Jerusalem” in French Sign Language (source: La Bible en langue des signes française )

While a similar sign is also used in British Sign Language, another, more neutral sign that combines the sign “J” and the signs for “place” is used as well. (Source: Anna Smith)


“Jerusalem” in British Sign Language (source: Christian BSL, used with permission)

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Jerusalem .

complete verse (Nehemiah 3:8)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Nehemiah 3:8:

  • Kupsabiny: “Uzziel the son of Harhaiah who was a goldsmith also built another side. Hananiah who was a perfume maker rebuilt another side. Those people prepared/made the wall of Jerusalem up to the Broad Wall.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The one-who-built the next portion still of the stone-wall was Uziel the silversmith, the child of Harhaya. Next to him was Hananias the perfume-makers. They built that portion of the stone-wall of Jerusalem as far as the Broad Stone-Wall.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Next to them, Uzziel, the son of Harhaiah, and Hananiah repaired the wall as far as the Broad/Wide Wall. Harhaiah made things from gold, and Hananiah made perfumes.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Nehemiah 3:8

The next sections of the wall were repaired by members of professional guilds, the goldsmiths and perfumers. Guilds were associations or organizations of people who worked in the same profession, trade, or craft. The goldsmiths, which is literally “refiners,” were jewelers or idol-makers. In addition to making perfume, the perfumers made products like soap and incense. People in these professions were wealthier and had more spare time to work on the wall than some other people.

Uzziel the son of Harhaiah was a member of the guild of goldsmiths. New Jerusalem Bible says he belonged to the “metal-workers’ guild.” Uzziel means “God is my strength.”

They restored Jerusalem: The Hebrew word rendered restored usually means “abandon” (see the Revised Standard Version footnote; compare the Septuagint) and may refer to the possibility that the wall rebuilt by Nehemiah did not include all of pre-exilic Jerusalem as has been thought by archaeologists. Williamson (1985) maintains that it was the original wall around the Temple Mount and the City of David that was rebuilt, and the part of the Jerusalem to the west enclosed by a later wall was abandoned. But Blenkinsopp (1988) strongly rejects this view and defends restored as the correct translation of this verb on the basis of its use in Neh 4.2 (where Revised Standard Version has “restore”). Translators are advised to follow the example of Revised Standard Version and Good News Translation.

The Broad Wall probably refers to the pre-exilic wall that branched off between the Ephraim Gate and the Tower of the Ovens (see also Neh 12.38), extended to the west along the western hill, and rejoined the original wall next to the Siloam Pool. Its name does not refer to the thickness of the wall but to the area that it enclosed. Its name may mean that it enclosed a large part of the city. An alternative suggestion is that it was the retaining wall for a landfill to broaden the narrow neck of land joining the Temple Mount to the City of David that contained the royal buildings.

Quoted with permission from Noss, Philip A. and Thomas, Kenneth J. A Handbook on Nehemiah. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2005. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .