complete verse (Joshua 19:35)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Joshua 19:35:

  • Kupsabiny: “Cities surrounded by a wall were these: Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, Kinnereth,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The cities having walls were
    Ziddim, Zim, Hammath, Rakkath, Chinereth,” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The other stone-walled towns/cities which (are) under-the-jurisdiction of this land are: Zidim, Zer, Hammat, Rakat, Kineret,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Within their land were several cities with strong walls around them. They were Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, Kinnereth,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Joshua 19:35 - 19:39

For the translation of verses 35-39, the two alternatives suggested for verses 18-23 will serve as a pattern.

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Newman, Barclay M. A Handbook on Joshua. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1983. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .