Sarai / Sarah

The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Sarai” and “Sarah” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign depicting coins on a headband, referring to women from the Middle East and North Africa who wear a headband decorated with small coins. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Sarai” and “Sarah” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Sarah .

complete verse (Genesis 21:6)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 21:6:

  • Kankanaey: “As for Sara also, she said, ‘God has given me a reason for-my-being-happy and for-my-laughing, therefore all who hear-about this that has happened to me will also laugh-with (me).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then Sarah said — ‘God has given me joy. Everyone who hears this will rejoice with me.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Sara said, ‘God caused- me -to-laugh with joy, and whoever will-be-able-to-hear about what-happened to me will- also -laugh.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “And Sarah said, ‘Although I was sad before because I did not have any children, God has now enabled me to laugh, and everyone who hears about what God has done for me will laugh with me.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Genesis 21:6

Verses 6-7 give the comments made by Sarah concerning the birth of Isaac. These verses fit more naturally following Gen 21.3. However, the sense is not seriously disturbed in the text as we have it, and translations in English do not shift these verses to follow Gen 21.3.

God has made laughter for me: in the discussion of 17.19, it was pointed out that Isaac’s name means “he laughs,” and this was associated with verse 17, in which Abraham laughed in disbelief at the thought of having a child at his advanced age. The same association is made with Sarah in 18.12. In 17.17 attention was likewise called to the fact that different languages use different terms to express the various kinds of laughter that express different emotions. It was suggested that a footnote may be necessary to explain that Isaac’s name refers to a laughter of embarrassed disbelief; that is, the name is “he laughs,” because the birth of a son seems ridiculous at Abraham’s age.

When we come to this passage, however, the same Hebrew word as was used in 17.17, 19; 18.12 has the sense of laughter from surprised enjoyment. In some languages this will require either a different verb or some additional expression, and perhaps a footnote referring the reader back to the note at 17.19. Good News Translation has translated laughter in this verse as “joy and laughter” to show that laughter here has a wider range of meaning than in 17.17, 19. Bible en français courant says “God has made me laugh with joy.” In one language this is expressed as “God has made me laugh with good feeling very much.”

Every one who hears will laugh over me: hears means “hears about Sarah giving birth when she is old,” and in some languages something similar will be required to give adequate sense; for example, “everyone who hears I have given birth will….” Laugh over me is awkward English. Note Good News Translation and Revised English Bible “laugh with me,” that is, “share my laughter,” “rejoice with me,” “be happy because I am happy.” Some languages say “come and help me laugh.”

Quoted with permission from Reyburn, William D. and Fry, Euan McG. A Handbook on Genesis. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1997. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

respectful form of "give" (kudasaru)

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Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.

One way to do this is through the usage of lexical honorific forms, i.e., completely different words, as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. In these verses, kudasaru (下さる), a respectful form of kureru (くれる) or “give” is used.

(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )

See also respectful form of “give” (tamawaru) and give (Japanese honorifics).