In Malay, the pronoun beta for the royal “I” (or “my” or “me”) that is used by royals when speaking to people of lower rank, subordinates or commoners to refer to themselves in these verses. This reflects the “language of the court because the monarchy and sultanate in Malaysia are still alive and well. All oral and printed literature (including newspapers and magazines) preserve and glorify the language of the court. Considering that the language of the court is part of the Malaysian language, court language is used sparingly where appropriate, specifically with texts relating to palace life.” (Source: Daud Soesilo in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 263ff.)
complete verse (2 Samuel 21:4)
Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 2 Samuel 21:4:
- Kupsabiny: “Those people of Gibeon replied to king David that, ‘It is not money that can pay back/avenge these words/things, and we are not allowed to stab/kill the people of Israel.’ David told those people that, ‘Just tell me what I need to do for you?’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
- Newari: “The Gibeonites replied, "We do not have the right to resolve [lit.: arrange] the conflict our conflict with Saul and his clan with gold and silver, and we also do not have the right to say that anyone in Israel must die."
Then David asked, "If that’s the case, what am I to do for you?” (Source: Newari Back Translation) - Hiligaynon: “The Gibeonhon answered, ‘Our (excl.) anger to Saul and his family can- not -be-paid by silver or gold. And we (excl.) have- no -right to put-to-death anyone in Israel unless you allow (it).’ David asked, ‘So, what would you (plur.) like me to do for you (plur.)?’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
- English: “They replied, ‘You cannot settle our quarrel with Saul and his family by giving us silver or gold. And we do not have the right to kill any Israelis.’
So David asked, ‘Then/So what do you say that I should do for you?’” (Source: Translation for Translators)
formal 2nd person plural pronoun (Japanese)
Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a formal plural suffix to the second person pronoun (“you” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. In these verses, anata-gata (あなたがた) is used, combining the second person pronoun anata and the plural suffix -gata to create a formal plural pronoun (“you” [plural] in English).
(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
Translation commentary on 2 Samuel 21:4
In the context of the conversation between David and the Gibeonite leaders, the verb twice repeated, said, may be better translated “responded” or “answered” in the first case and “asked” in the second. Compare Good News Translation.
The Hebrew says “Not to me of silver or gold.” The margin of the Masoretic Text, however, indicates that the pronoun “us” should be read, that is, “Not to us of silver or gold.”
Not a matter of silver or gold: the Gibeonites made it very clear that their problem with Saul and his family could not be solved by money. In those languages where the names of the two metals are problematic, it is possible to translate the sense of the text by using a more general term for “money.” Some may say, for example, “Money is not sufficient to solve the matter” or “The problem cannot be settled by giving us any amount of money [no matter how great].”
Between us and Saul or his house: that is, between the Gibeonites and the family or descendants of Saul. Since Saul himself was already dead, members of his family were held responsible for what he did.
Neither is it for us to put any man to death: this has been understood by some to mean either that the death of any single individual in Israel would be inadequate to atone for the wrong, or that the death of an Israelite not from Saul’s family would be inadequate. This interpretation is found in New Jerusalem Bible, “nor by putting to death one man in Israel,” and Revised English Bible, “and there is no other man in Israel whose death would content us.” Bible en français courant similarly says “Our difference with Saul and his family can’t be settled with silver or gold nor in putting to death an Israelite.” But other interpreters take it to mean that the Gibeonites were saying that they had no right to kill any Israelites unless David gave his permission, and this is probably the intended meaning. This interpretation is found in New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh, which reads “we have no claim on the life of any other man in Israel,” and Contemporary English Version, “we don’t have the right to put any Israelite to death.” The Gibeonites had no right to execute any of David’s subjects without his permission, but they were suggesting that the only solution to the problem would be found in the taking of life. The responsibility was thereby placed squarely on David. The translation in Good News Translation says that the Gibeonites did not want to kill any Israelite, but the meaning is more likely that found in New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh and Contemporary English Version.
The response of David, What do you say…? allows the Gibeonites to define the terms that they would consider an acceptable way of resolving the problem. In effect he was saying “Whatever you say I will do for you” (New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh), or “I’ll do whatever you ask” (Contemporary English Version). Others may prefer to translate “What do you think I should do?” or “What would you like for me to do?”
Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel, Volume 2. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.