Saul

The Hebrew and Greek that is transliterated as “Saul” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign that depicts “sword in chest” (referring to 1 Samuel 31:4 and 1 Chronicles 10:4) and also “self-centered.” (Source: Steve Parkhurst)


“Saul” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

Click or tap here to see a short video clip about King Saul (source: Bible Lands 2012)

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Saul .

Bethlehem

The town name that is transliterated as “Bethlehem” in English is translated in Finnish Sign Language with the signs signifying “manger + town” (referring to Luke 2:7). (Source: Tarja Sandholm)


“Bethlehem” in Finnish Sign Language (source )

See also manger.

In American Sign Language it is translated with the signs for “bread” and “house,” referring to the original meaning of “Bethlehem” as “house of bread.” (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)


“Bethlehem” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Bethlehem .

complete verse (1 Samuel 20:28)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 1 Samuel 20:28:

  • Kupsabiny: “Jonathan replied to his father that, ‘David begged me to allow him to go to Bethlehem.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Jonathan said to Saul, "Requesting me like this, David asked to go to Bethlehem,” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Jonatan answered, ‘David asked-permission from me that he can-go-home to Betlehem.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Jonathan replied, ‘David earnestly requested me that I permit him to go to Bethlehem.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

David

The name that is transliterated as “David” in English is translated in Spanish Sign Language with the sign signifying king and a sling (referring to 1 Samuel 17:49 and 2 Samuel 5:4). (Source: John Elwode in The Bible Translator 2008, p. 78ff. )


“Elizabeth” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España

In German Sign Language it is only the sling. (See here ).


“David” in German Sign Language (source )

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

The (Protestant) Mandarin Chinese transliteration of “David” is 大卫 (衛) / Dàwèi which carries an additional meaning of “Great Protector.”

Click or tap here to see a short video clip about David (source: Bible Lands 2012)

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: David .

Translation commentary on 1 Samuel 20:28

Jonathan answers Saul as David suggested in verse 6 above.

Earnestly asked leave: literally “to ask he asked,” an example of reinforcing verbs (see the comments on “reinforcing verbs” in the introduction, page 20). The Hebrew contains no word corresponding to leave, but the context makes it clear that Jonathan is reporting that David asked his permission to go to Bethlehem.

On the place name Bethlehem, see 16.4.

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .