Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Genesis 32:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 32:11:

  • Kankanaey: “Continue then that help of yours (sing.) so that you (sing.) will protect us (excl.) from Esau my older-sibling, because here he is coming and I am afraid lest he kill us (excl.) all, including the mothers-and-children (lit. mother-units).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Now deliver me from my elder brother Esau. I am afraid that he will come and attack not only me, but also my wives and children.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I am- asking- you (sing.) -a-favor that you will-rescue me from my sibling/(brother) Esau. I am-afraid maybe he will-come here and will-kill us (excl.) all including the mothers and their children.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “So now I pray that you will rescue me from my older* brother Esau, because I am afraid that he and his men will come and attack and kill me and the children and their mothers.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 37:14)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 37:14:

  • Kankanaey: “‘Go see if nothing (reassurance particle) has happened to them and their animals-being-pastured. Then return to go tell me,’ said his father. And he saw- Jose -off (lit. caused- Jose -to-set-out) on the plain at Hebron to go to Sekem. When he arrived then at Sekem,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Israel said — ‘Go and see what your elder brothers and the sheep are doing, then come to tell me.’ Then he sent him from Hebron valley to Shechem.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Now, Jacob said to Jose, ‘Your (sing.) siblings (are) there in Shekem watching-over the animals. [You (sing.)] go there and [you (sing.)] see if good is the situation of your (sing.) siblings and the animals. Then [you (sing.)] come-back and tell me.’ Jose replied, ‘Yes, father.’ So from the Valley of Hebron, Jose went to Shekem.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Jacob said, ‘Go and see if they are doing okay, and if the flocks are doing okay. Then come back and give me a report.’ So Jacob sent Joseph from the valley where they were living, the valley where Hebron is located, to go north to find his brothers. When Joseph arrived near Shechem city,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 38:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 38:11:

  • Kankanaey: “When that was so, Juda said to Tamar his child-in-law, ‘You (sing.) still go-home to the house of your (sing.) father, but don’t get-married-to (anyone) so-that you (sing.) will wait for Sela to grow-up (lit. get-big).’ He said that because he was worried lest Sela would also die like his older-sibling(s). And-so Tamar went-home to the house of her father and mother (lit. plural father).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Fearing that his other son Shelah [might] also die like his elder brothers, Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar — ‘Go to your maternal home and live [there] until my son Shelah is old enough to be married.’ So Tamar went and lived in her maternal home.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then Juda said to Tamar his child-in-law, ‘[You (sing.)] go-home for-the-mean-time to your (sing.) father, and [you (sing.)] do- not -take-a-husband until Shela now becomes-a-young-man-of-marriage-age.’ Juda said that because he was-afraid that maybe Shela would- also -die like his siblings. So Tamar went-home for-the-mean-time to her father.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, ‘Return to your father’s house, but do not marry anyone else. When my youngest son Shelah grows up, he can marry you.’ But Judah really did not want Shelah to marry her, because he was afraid that then Shelah would die too, just as his older brothers had died. So Tamar obeyed Judah and went back to live in her father’s house again.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 39:13)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 39:13:

  • Kankanaey: “When the woman saw that he had left-behind his clothing in his running to go-out,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Seeing that Joseph had escaped, leaving his shawl in her hand” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When the woman saw that Jose had-gone-out and she held his outer garment,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “When she saw that he had run outside leaving his cloak in her hand,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 40:23)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 40:23:

  • Kankanaey: “Whereupon the leader of the drink-servers utterly forgot Jose.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The chief cupbearer, however, did not remember Joseph. He forgot him.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But the head of the ones-who serve drink did- not at-all -remember Jose.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But the chief drink-server did not think about Joseph. He forgot to do what Joseph asked him to do.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 41:32)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 41:32:

  • Kankanaey: “That is the meaning of your (sing.) dream. Your (sing.) repeating to dream moreover, it means to say that God has already judicially-decided this that will happen and its fulfillment furthermore will not be-a-long-time.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “That the Great King’s dream was repeated like this means that God has come to a final decision, and that it will quickly happen like this.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Two times you have-dreamed, Beloved King, so-that you (sing.) would-know that this was-willed already by God to-happen and this will- now -happen (soon).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “The reason God gave to you two dreams is that he wants you to know that this will happen, and he will cause it to happen very soon.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 42:7)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 42:7:

  • Kankanaey: “When Jose saw his siblings, he recognized-(them) instantly, but he conversed-with them as if they were strangers and he said speaking-harshly, ‘Where are you from?’ ‘We (excl.) came-from Canaan to go buy-food-supplies,’ they said replying,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “As soon as he saw his elder brothers he recognized them. But pretending not to recognize them, he asked them loudly — ‘Where have you come from?'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When Jose saw them, he recognized them right-away, but they on-the-other-hand did- not -recognize him. He just did- not -let- himself -to-be-noticed that he (was) Jose. He spoke harshly to them. He asked, ‘Where- (are) you (pl.) -from.’ They replied, ‘We (excl.) (are) from-Canaan, and we (excl.) came here in-order to-buy food.’ Jose then remembered his dream about them which brought-about- their -being-angry (with him). He said, ‘You (pl.) (are) spies! You (pl.) came here in-order to-see which portion/part of our (excl.) nation (is) weak in defense.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “As soon as Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them. But he pretended that he did not know them. He spoke harshly to them, saying, ‘Where do you come from?’ One of them replied, ‘We have come from Canaan, to buy some grain.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 43:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 43:1:

  • Kankanaey: “When that was so, the famine in Canaan was-becoming-more-severe,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The famine in Canaan increased yet more.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The famine in Canaan became- even more -severe.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “The famine in Canaan got worse.” (Source: Translation for Translators)