Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Jonah 3:8)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Jonah 3:8:

  • Kupsabiny: “But every person should put on the cloth of mourning and a cloth like that should be tied on also on every animal (livestock). People should cry (for help/mercy) to God very much and everyone should change from sin and violence/riots.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “All people and animals must wear sackcloth. Everyone pray to God as much as [you] can! And each (of you) stop doing ugly evil deeds.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “All of you (plur.) put-on sackcloth, as-well-as the animals, and [you (plur.)] pray to God wholeheartedly. [You (plur.)] turn-away from your (plur.) wicked living and cruelty/violence which you (plur.) are-doing/do.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “All people, they must wear sacks, and all the animals also must be blanketed (to wear/be-clothed does not collocate) with sacks. All the people must persevere to pray to God and turn-their-backs-on their evil behavior/character and what they are doing.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “Instead, every person must put on coarse cloth. Put coarse cloth on your animals, too. Then everyone must pray fervently to God. And everyone must stop doing evil actions/things, and stop acting violently toward others.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Habakkuk 3:2)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Habakkuk 3:2:

  • Kupsabiny: “I have heard what you have done, oh God. I am awestruck/very amazed on account of your deeds! I pray that you again do like you did long ago. Help us in these days because we cannot manage. Be merciful to us, oh God even if you are angry.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “O LORD, I have heard about you.
    O LORD, I stand amazed looking at your deeds.
    Please, Show your deeds a new way in our time.
    Let them be known in our time.
    Though you are angry please have mercy on us.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘O LORD, I heard what you (sing.) have done,
    and because of this I am respecting/honoring you (sing.).
    Now do this again in our (excl.) time.
    And in the time that you (sing.) will- now -show your (sing.) anger, have-mercy on us (excl.).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Lord God, I heard what you (sing.) were-doing
    and I was utterly amazed.
    May you (sing.) also do today which is our (excl.) time
    The amazing-things you (sing.) did in the past.
    Even though you (sing.) are-angry, may you (sing.) have-mercy.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh, I have heard about you;
    I revere you because of all the amazing things that you have done.
    In our time, do again some of those things that you did long ago!
    Even when you are angry with us,
    be merciful to us!” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Malachi 2:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Malachi 2:1:

  • Kupsabiny: “Now, please listen to this word/message, you priests.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “O you priests, this command is for you! ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The LORD Almighty continued to speak to the priests, ‘This (is) my warning for you (plur.):” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “God the Highest Ruler says, ‘This is what I command to you priests.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “You priests, I will say something to warn you.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Malachi 3:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Malachi 3:16:

  • Kupsabiny: “After that, the people who honored God discussed together. God listened and heard what they were saying. Then a book in which the people who fear God and honor him were mentioned and written down in his presence.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then those who feared the LORD were talking with each other and the LORD gave attention to their talking. In his presence they were writing the names of the ones who fear and honor him into a book of remembrance.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then those who respect the LORD say-with-each-other. The LORD listened to them and he heard what they talk-about. Their names were-written in a book which is before/[lit. in front-of] the LORD, so-that he will-remember them who always respect and remember him.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When that was finished, those who esteemed God conversed-together and God heard all that they were-saying. Before him, a book was-written in-which-was-written the names of all who esteemed and worshipped/honored him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “After the people heard my message, those who revered Yahweh discussed those things with each other, and Yahweh listened to what they said. While Yahweh was watching, they wrote on a scroll the things that would remind them about what they promised, and they wrote on that scroll the names of those who revered Yahweh and who said that they always wanted to honor him.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 1:28)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 1:28:

  • Kankanaey: “He blessed them saying, ‘Have-children so that you will increase-in-number so that the world will be-full. You are also in-charge-of the fish and birds and also all the creatures on this surface of the earth (id. = earth).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “God blessed them, saying — ‘By having many children, may you fill the earth, and may you have power over the earth. May you have power over the fish living in the ocean, over the birds who live in the heavens, and over the ones that go creeping on the earth.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “And he blessed them saying, ‘[You (pl.)] bear-children and be-many so-that your descendants will-spread and will-rule-over the earth. And you (pl.) will-rule all the animals.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “God blessed them, saying, ‘Produce many children, who will live all over the earth and rule over it. I want them to rule over the fish and the birds and over all creatures that scurry across the ground.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:9)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:9:

  • Kankanaey: “Whereupon God called-to the man and said, ‘Where is your (sing.)-location?'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “But the LORD God called to the man — ‘Where are you?'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But the LORD God called the man and asked (him), ‘Where are you (sing.)?'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But Yahweh God called to the man, saying to him, ‘Why are you trying to hide from me?'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 4:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 4:17:

  • Kankanaey: “When that was so, Cain got-married and they gave-birth to a male whom they named Enok. Then he made a city, and he named- that city -with the name of their child Enok.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Cain had intercourse with his wife. And she conceived and gave birth to Enoch. Cain built a city. And he named it after his son Enoch.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Now/(discourse marker), Cain slept-with his wife. His wife became-pregnant and gave-birth to a male/(boy) and they named him Enoc. Cain built a town and named it Enoc just-like the name of his child.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Some time later, Cain had sex/slept with his wife, and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son, whom she named Enoch. Then Cain started to build a city, and he named the city ‘Enoch’, the same name that his son had.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 5:24)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 5:24:

  • Kankanaey: “he-was-still-companioning-with God, and he-became-absent/disappeared, because God took him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “As long as he lived he lived doing what God said. Then he disappeared because God took him away to Himself.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “After Metusela was-born, Enoc lived 300 more years and his children increased-in-number even more. During those years Enoc had a very close relationship with God, so when he was already 365 years of age he disappeared/went-missing, because God took him.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then one day he disappeared, because God took him away to be with him in heaven.” (Source: Translation for Translators)