Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Genesis 38:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 38:22:

  • Kankanaey: “Therefore he returned to the location of Juda and said, ‘The woman was absolutely not-there for-me-to-find and the inhabitants there also said that there-was-no woman absolutely who had that kind of work there.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Hira went back and said to Judah — ‘I was not able to find that woman. The men who live in Enaim said that there had not been any prostitute there.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So Hira returned to Juda and said, ‘I did- not -find her. And the people said that there-is-not as-it-was-said a woman there who sells her body.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “So he went back to Judah and said, ‘I did not find her. Furthermore, the men who live in that town said, ‘There has never been a prostitute here.”” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 40:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 40:1:

  • Kankanaey: “When it had-been-slightly-long, there were two officials of the king in Egipto who sinned against him, the leader of those who passed-out/served (rice)-wine and the leader of those who cooked bread. Therefore he got-angry-at them” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Some time later Pharaoh’s chief cupbearer [lit.: new wine vessel holder] and chief bread baker did some bad things in opposition to their master.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “(It) happened later-on that the head of the ones-who-serves the drink of the king of Egipto and the head of his ones-who-cook/(-bake) bread sinned against him. The king (was) very angry with these two officials of his.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Some time later, two of the king of Egypt’s officials did things that displeased him. One was his chief drink-server/man who prepared the wine and served it to the king, and the other was his chief baker/man who baked bread for the king.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 41:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 41:11:

  • Kankanaey: “There-was one night that we (excl.) two dreamed and we (excl.) knew that there-was-(something) that what we (excl.) dreamed meant to say.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “At that time in the same night both of us had dreams which had different interpretations.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Do you (sing.) (know) that one night back-then, we (excl.) too dreamed, and the meaning of our (excl.) dreams were different.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “While we were there, one night each of us had a dream, and the dreams had different meanings.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 41:43)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 41:43:

  • Kankanaey: “He also gave him his second horse-drawn-carriage (loan kalisa) to ride-in and there were moreover those who preceded him shouting, ‘Move-aside-for-(him)! Move-aside-for-(him)!’ That is how the king appointed Jose to be-governor of the entire country in Egipto.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “He gave him a carriage to ride lower than his own. Then wherever he went, people would go before him crying out, ‘Kneel down! Kneel down!’ In this way Joseph became head of the land of Egypt.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “He had- Jose also -use his second chariot, and there-were ones-who-told/announced who would-go-ahead of him in-order to shout, ‘[You (pl.)] bow-down to the governor!’ So from that-(time-on) Jose became governor of the entire land of Egipto.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then he arranged for Joseph to ride around in the chariot that showed that he was the second-most important man in the country. When Joseph rode in the chariot, men shouted to the people who were on the road in front of him, ‘Get off the road!’ So the king put Joseph in charge of everything in the country.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 42:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 42:18:

  • Kankanaey: “On the third day, Jose said to them, ‘I am a person who believes in God, therefore I will not kill you provided you follow what I say.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “On the third day he said to them — ‘I am a man who fears God. If you do like that you can be spared.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “On the third day, Jose said to them, ‘I respect God, so I will- still -give you (pl.) an opportunity to-live if you (pl.) will- only -obey what I will-command you (pl.).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “On the third day, Joseph went to the prison and said to them, ‘I am a man who fears that God will punish me if I do not do what I promise. So do what I tell you, and I will spare your lives.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 43:12)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 43:12:

  • Kankanaey: “Double also the money that you take-along, because you must return what was put in your sacks. Maybe, that was only a mistake.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then take along double the silver, for you still have to repay your returned money. It might have been a miscalculation.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “[You (pl.)] double the money that you bring for you (pl.) must return the money that was-returned to your (pl.) sacks. Maybe at-that-time they just made-a-mistake.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Take twice as much money as you took the previous time, because you must return the silver that someone put in the tops of your sacks. Perhaps it was a mistake that it was put in your sacks.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 44:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 44:10:

  • Kankanaey: “Then slave then said, ‘All-right then, but it’s-OK-if only the one-who-stole is-enslaved to me. The others by-contrast, they can be-free.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “He said — ‘Good! It will be just as you said. But whoever has it, only he will be my servant, all the others can go.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The steward said, ‘Okay, if the cup will-be-found among one of you (pl.) he will-become my slave, and the rest of you (pl.) have- no -responsibility.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “The man replied, ‘Okay, I will do what you say. But the one who has the cup will not be executed. Instead, he will become my slave, and the rest of you may return home.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 45:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 45:19:

  • Kankanaey: “Tell them also to take-along horse-drawn-carriages (kalisa) from here so that that will be what- their spouses and children -ride-in so that when they arrive there, then they will call your plural father so that they will all come here.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Also tell them this — ‘Also take along large carts from here [in which] to bring your wives and children. Then also bring your father and come.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You also tell them to bring some carts from here in Egipto for their wives and children to-ride-on to transfer here. And they (should) really bring here their father.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘lso tell this to your brothers: ‘Take some carts from Egypt to carry your children and your wives, and get them and your father and come back here quickly.” (Source: Translation for Translators)