inclusive vs. exclusive pronoun (Gen. 41:11)

Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)

The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).

For this verse, the Adamawa Fulfulde translation uses the exclusive pronoun (excluding the king).

complete verse (Genesis 41:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 41:11:

  • Kankanaey: “There-was one night that we (excl.) two dreamed and we (excl.) knew that there-was-(something) that what we (excl.) dreamed meant to say.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “At that time in the same night both of us had dreams which had different interpretations.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Do you (sing.) (know) that one night back-then, we (excl.) too dreamed, and the meaning of our (excl.) dreams were different.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “While we were there, one night each of us had a dream, and the dreams had different meanings.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Genesis 41:11

We dreamed: in some languages the form of we must exclude the king, the one addressed; and it may also have to be the special pronoun that refers to just two persons, “we-two [exclusive].” The wording is similar to that used in 40.5.

Quoted with permission from Reyburn, William D. and Fry, Euan McG. A Handbook on Genesis. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1997. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .