inclusive vs. exclusive pronoun (Ezra 8:32)

Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)

The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).

For this verse, the Jarai translation and the Adamawa Fulfulde translation use the exclusive pronoun (only including the people who left Babylon).

Jerusalem

The name that is transliterated as “Jerusalem” in English is signed in French Sign Language with a sign that depicts worshiping at the Western Wall in Jerusalem:


“Jerusalem” in French Sign Language (source: La Bible en langue des signes française )

While a similar sign is also used in British Sign Language, another, more neutral sign that combines the sign “J” and the signs for “place” is used as well. (Source: Anna Smith)


“Jerusalem” in British Sign Language (source: Christian BSL, used with permission)

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Jerusalem .

complete verse (Ezra 8:32)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Ezra 8:32:

  • Kupsabiny: “So we reached Jerusalem, and we rested for three days.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “After arriving in Jerusalem we rested for three days.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When we (excl.) arrived at Jerusalem, we (excl.) rested first for three days.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “After we arrived in Jerusalem, we rested for three days.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Ezra 8:32

They came to Jerusalem or they arrived at Jerusalem almost four months later.

There we remained three days: The Hebrew verb for remained literally means “to sit down,” but here it means they “rested” for a period of three days. Some languages will say “we [exclusive] rested there three nights.”

Quoted with permission from Noss, Philip A. and Thomas, Kenneth J. A Handbook on Ezra. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2005. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on Ezra 8:32

8:32 So we arrived at Jerusalem and rested there for three days.

Then we (excl.) came to Jerusalem, and we stayed/remained there for three days.
-or-
We arrived ⌊safely⌋ at Jerusalem, and we rested there for three nights.

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