The Book of 4 Baruch

4 Baruch (also: Paraleipomena Jeremiou) is canonical scripture for the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. One of the only complete copies of 4 Baruch is available in Ge’ez (Classical Ethiopic) that is used by the Tewahedo Church, here used with permission by the Bible Society of Ethiopia.

The translation into English used here: English Translation of the Longer and Shorter Versions of the Paraleipomena Jeremiou. Public Domain CATSS edition by Robert A. Kraft, 15 Dec 1987, with editorial alterations by Abraham Haile and additional translations by Haileyesus Woldemariam.

soul

The Hebrew, Greek, Ge’ez, and Latin that is translated as “soul” in English is translated in Chol with a term that refers to the invisible aspects of human beings (source: Robert Bascom), in Yagaria with oune or “shadow, reflection” (source: Renck, p. 81), and in Elhomwe as “heart” (source: project-specific translation notes in Paratext).

The Mandarin Chinese línghún (靈魂 / 灵魂), literally “spirit-soul,” is often used for “soul” (along with xīn [心] or “heart”). This is a term that was adopted from Buddhist sources into early Catholic writings and later also by Protestant translators. (Source: Zetzsche 1996, p. 32, see also Clara Ho-yan Chan in this article )

In Chichewa, moyo means both “soul” and “life.” (Source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation)

See also heart, soul, mind.