Exegesis:
ei tis erchetai pros me kai ou misei ton patera heautou ‘if any one comes to me (i.e. to become a disciple) and does not hate his own father.’ Syntactically the two clauses are co-ordinate but semantically the latter is more important, since it stipulates the condition which he who wants to become a disciple must meet. For miseō cf. on 1.71. Here it refers to renouncing natural affections for the sake of Jesus Christ, cf. 9.23f; 16.13. heautou goes with all the subsequent nouns as well.
eti te kai tēn psuchēn heautou ‘and even his own life also.’ For psuchē cf. on 9.24.
ou dunatai einai mou mathetēs ‘he cannot be my disciple.’
Translation:
One may have to adjust the first part of the clause, e.g. ‘if a man who comes to me does not hate…,’ or to transpose the last, e.g. ‘when a man comes to me, he cannot (or, a man who comes to me cannot) become my disciple, if he does not hate….’
Hate. In several languages the term commonly used for ‘to hate’ (cf. 1.71) implies emotions of aversion and malice that make its use unacceptable in this context; hence renderings as ‘put out of his heart (i.e. disregard)’ (Tzeltal), ‘keep-away-from’ (Wejewa), ‘turn his back on’ (Sranan Tongo, Shona 1966, Tae’ 1933), ‘be-indifferent-toward’ (Javanese), ‘reject’ (Zarma); or, ‘love less … than (he loves) me.’
His own. Often the simple possessive will do.
The following enumeration may better be rendered as a series of three pairs.
For the sequence of father and mother cf. on 2.33.
The order of wife and children has sometimes to be reversed, e.g. in Balinese.
Brothers and sisters, cf. on “brother” in 6.14. Differences in kinship system and/or in terminology may lead to shifts such as ‘siblings male and female’ (e.g. in some Indonesian languages), ‘older and younger siblings’ (Kele), ‘his elder brother and his younger brothers and his sisters’ (Shona 1966), ‘older brothers, older sisters and younger siblings’ (Tzeltal), ‘male mother’s children and sisters’ (Zarma), ‘brothers (generically used of all male relationships of equality) and siblings’ (West Nyanja). Where terms differ according to the sex of the person in question (as e.g. in Yao, ‘younger brothers and all sisters’ and ‘younger sisters and all brothers,’ respectively) it may be preferable to say, ‘all that person’s kin.’
Yes, and even …, or, “not only them but…” (The Four Gospels – a New Translation), “and … as well” (Good News Translation), ‘what-is-more….’
His own life, or, ‘his (own) soul,’ ‘his own self,’ ‘himself’ (cf. 9.24) is dependent on “does not hate”; the rendering chosen for that verb may have to be repeated with this last object.
Quoted with permission from Reiling, J. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1971. For this and other handbooks for translators see here . Make sure to also consult the Handbook on the Gospel of Mark for parallel or similar verses.