son of

The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “son of” in English is translated in all Icelandic Bible versions of the Icelandic Bible Society (latest edition 2007) in parallel with the Icelandic naming system . This means that for instance in Matthew 16:17 the name that is transliterated and translated in English as “Simon son of Jonah” becomes “Simon Jónasson” or in Isaiah 8:2 “Zechariah son of Jeberechiah” becomes “Sakaría Jeberekíason” where in both cases the “-son” means “son of.”

In cases where “son of” does not refer to a literal father or perhaps stepfather but to lineage, however, this system is not used. So in Matthew 1:1 “Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham” is translated as “Jesú Krists, sonar Davíðs, sonar Abrahams.”

The referenced verses all have at least one instance where the Icelandic patronymic or matronymic naming system is used. (Source: Halldór Elías Guðmundsson)

See also daughter of

army

The Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Ge’ez, and Latin that is translated as “army” in English is translated in Chichewa as “group of warriors.” (Source: Mawu a Mulungu mu Chichewa Chalero Back Translation)

Translation commentary on 1 Maccabees 11:69 - 11:70

Then the men in ambush emerged from their places and joined battle. All the men with Jonathan fled: All the men with Jonathan fled is an overstatement, as the next sentence makes clear. Good News Bible expresses verses 69 and 70a as one sentence. Another model that does this is “69 When these men came out of hiding and joined in the battle, 70 all of Jonathan’s men fled.”

Not one of them was left except Mattathias the son of Absalom and Judas the son of Chalphi, commanders of the forces of the army: Obviously more than two men had to remain in order to beat back the enemy army. The writer probably intends us to understand this without being told. Perhaps we can clarify this without misrepresenting the text by saying “No one was left to fight the enemy but Mattathias the son of Absalom and Judas the son of Chalphi, and the troops under their command.”

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Maccabees. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.