son of

The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “son of” in English is translated in all Icelandic Bible versions of the Icelandic Bible Society (latest edition 2007) in parallel with the Icelandic patronymic naming system . This means that for instance in Matthew 16:17 the name that is transliterated and translated in English as “Simon son of Jonah” becomes “Simon Jónasson” or in Isaiah 8:2 “Zechariah son of Jeberechiah” becomes “Sakaría Jeberekíason” where in both cases the “-son” means “son of.”

In cases where “son of” does not refer to a literal father or perhaps stepfather but to lineage, however, this system is not used. So in Matthew 1:1 “Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham” is translated as “Jesú Krists, sonar Davíðs, sonar Abrahams.”

The referenced verses all have at least one instance where the patronymic naming system is used. (Source: Halldór Elías Guðmundsson)

complete verse (1 Chronicles 2:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 1 Chronicles 2:18:

  • Kupsabiny: “Caleb who was son of Hezron had two wives. One was called Azubah, and the other Jerioth. Azubah bore to Caleb these sons: Jesher, Shobab and Ardon.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Caleb son of Hezron had children from his wife Azubah and from Jerioth. His sons were Jesher, Shobab and Ardon.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Caleb the child of Hezron had children by his wife Azuba which were also called Jeriot. They were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)

SIL Translator’s Notes on 1 Chronicles 2:18

2:18a Caleb son of Hezron had children by his wife Azubah and by Jerioth.

Caleb, whose father was Hezron, had children with his wife Azubah. He also had children with ⌊his other wife named⌋ Jerioth.
-or-
Hezron was the father of Caleb. Caleb had children with his wife ⌊named⌋ Azubah. ⌊He also had children with another wife called⌋ Jerioth.

2:18b These were the sons of Azubah: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.

The the sons of Azubah ⌊were named⌋ Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
-or-

⌊Caleb’s wife⌋ Azubah bore ⌊three⌋ sons for him. ⌊They were named⌋ Jesher, Shobah, and Ardon.

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