Language-specific Insights

speaking out boldly

The phrase that is translated into English as “spoke out boldly” is translated into Afar as intî qasuk ken lih yabteeh: “spoke with them having red eyes.” (Source: Loren Bliese)

In Low German is is translated as keen Bladd vörn Mund nähmen, lit. “cover the mouth with nothing” (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006).

The same Low German phrase is also used in 2 Corinthians 6:11.

testimony is true

The Greek in Titus 1:13 that is translated as “testimony is true” or similar in English is translated in Low German as “the word hits the bull’s eye” (lit., “hits the nail on its head”) (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006).

dissolute living, wild living

The Greek in Luke 15:13 that is translated in English as “dissolute living” or “wild living” is translated in Kafa as “whatever his heart thought of.”

In Low German it is idiomatically translated with the reduplicative in Suus un Bruus lewen, literally “live speedily and noisily” (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006).

See also live in pleasure.

amazed / astonished / marvel

The Greek that is translated as “astonished” or “amazed” or “marvel” in English is translated in Pwo Karen as “stand up very tall.” (In John 5:20, source: David Clark)

Elsewhere it is translated as “confusing the inside of the head” (Mende), “shiver in the liver” (Uduk, Laka), “to lose one’s heart” (Mískito, Tzotzil), “to shake” (Southern Bobo Madaré), “to be with mouth open” (Panao Huánuco Quechua) (source: Bratcher / Nida), “to stand with your mouth open” (Citak) (source: Stringer 2007, p. 120), “ceasing to think with the heart” (Bulu), “surprise in the heart” (Yamba) (source for this and one above: W. Reyburn in The Bible Translator 1959, p. 1ff. ), or “have one’s mouth full” (Maan (source: Don Slager).

In Mark 5:20 and elsewhere where the astonishment is a response to listening to Jesus, the translation is “listen quietly” in Central Tarahumara, “forget listening” (because they were so absorbed in what they heard that they forgot everything else) in San Miguel El Grande Mixtec, “it was considered very strange by them” in Tzeltal (source: Bratcher / Nida), “in glad amazement” (to distinguish it from other kinds of amazement) (Quetzaltepec Mixe) (source: Robert Bascom), or “breath evaporated (or “escaped”)” (Mairasi) (source: Enngavoter 2004).

In Western Dani astonishment is emphasized with direct speech. In Mark 1:22, for instance, it says: “Wi!” yinuk, pi wareegwaarak — “They were all amazed, saying ‘Oh'” (source: Lourens De Vries in The Bible Translator 1992, p. 333ff. )

In Low German it is translated as grote Oken maken or “make big eyes” (sometime followed by: un kreegn dat Stillswiegen: “and became silent”) (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006).

In the Kölsch translation (Boch 2017) it is translated as brummte de Lück de Kopp or “the heads of the people buzzed,” Bauklötz jestaunt, lit. “marvel toy blocks,” and vür Staune de Muhl nit mieh zojekräch or “so full of marvel that they couldn’t close their mouths again.”

In the Pfälzisch translation by Walter Sauer (publ. 2012) it is often translated as baff vor staune or “speechless because of their marvel.” (Source: Jost Zetzsche)

See also amazed and astonished, astonished (Mark 6:51), and I’m astonished.

full, plenty

The Hebrew that is translated as “plenty” in English is translated in Low German with the alliteration in Hüll un Füll or “enough and to spare (i.e. abundant)” (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1937, republ. 2006).

The same idiom is also used in Luke 6:25 for “full.”

See also in abundance.

sound speech

The Greek in Titus 2:8 that is translated as “sound speech” or similar in English is translated in Low German idiomatically as “whatever you say must have rhyme or reason (lit.: “has to have hand and feet”) so that it cannot be shaken” (translation by Johannes Jessen, publ. 1933, republ. 2006).