SIL Translator’s Notes on 2 Kings 17:3

17:3a Shalmaneser king of Assyria attacked him,

King Shalmaneser of Assyria came ⌊with his army⌋ to attack Hoshea.

-or-

Shalmaneser, the king/emperor of Assyria, invaded Hoshea’s ⌊land⌋ .

17:3b and Hoshea became his vassal

The order of the events in 17:3-6 is uncertain. However, the Berean Standard Bible represents the most natural way to understand the Hebrew text.

Hoshea submitted/surrendered to Shalmaneser

-or-

Hoshea accepted Shalmaneser’s authority/command

17:3c and paid him tribute.

and gave him presents/gifts.

-or-

and began to send/pay him money.

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