10:5a So Ezra got up and made the leading priests, Levites, and all Israel take an oath to do what had been said.

¶ So Ezra got up and took action. He told the elders/chiefs of the priests and of the men of the clan of Levi and of all ⌊the families of⌋ Israel to swear with/by oath to do what had been suggested.
-or-
¶ So Ezra decided/acted. He told the leaders among the sacrificers, among the descendants of Levi and among all the ⌊other⌋ Jewish people, “You should/must ⌊make a covenant/agreement with God⌋ to put away pagan wives. Call God as a witness that you will do what you say.”

10:5b And they took the oath.

So they swore to do it.
-or-
Then the people ⌊made the covenant/agreement⌋ promising to do this with God as their witness.

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