The now commonly-used English idiom “render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s” (for when something needs to be given to government, usually money) was first coined in 1582 in the Douay Rheims Version (spelled as render therefore vnto Cesar, the things which are Cesars). (Source: Crystal 2010, p. 271)

In Russian, this phrase (Итак отдавайте кесарю кесарево — Itak otdavayte kesaryu kesarevo) — quoted from the Russian Synodal Bible (publ. 1876) — is also widely used as an idiom and often used in the form of lexical substitutions. All adaptations use the same syntax, but substitute the second part by another pair (often rhyming with the first); thus: кесарю – кесарево, а слесарю – слесарево (kesaryu – kesarevo, a slesaryu – slesarevo) — “render to Caesar the things which are Caesar’s, and to the plumber the things which are plumber’s” etc. (Source: Reznikov 2020, p. 20)

In French, the phrase rendez à César ce qui est à César is likewise used as an idiom. (Source: Muller 1991, p. 27)

For other idioms in English that were coined by Bible translation, see here.