Translation commentary on John 18:20

Jesus answered is more literally “Jesus answered him.”

I have always spoken publicly to everyone is more literally “I have spoken publicly to the world.” Good News Translation includes the adverb always, which carries through the force of Jesus’ words. Publicly translates the Greek word first used in 7.4 (see also 7.13,26; 10.24; 11.14,54; 16.25,29). Have always spoken publicly may be rendered in some languages “have always spoken to that everyone could hear.” The converse of this statement is given negatively in the last sentence of this verse, I have never said anything in secret.

In this context “the world” refers to everyone what Jesus had come in contact with; New American Bible reads “to any who would listen.”

All my teaching was done in is literally “I have always taught in….”

The word for Temple is the same word used in 2.14 (see there). It refers to the entire Temple area. This same word is also used in 7.14,28; 8.20; and 10.23. In the synagogues (Moffatt, Goodspeed, Revised Standard Version, “in synagogues”) is literally “in synagogue” (New English Bible). Since Jesus taught in more than one synagogue, it is more natural in English to use either the plural or an implied plural (note, for example, New American Bible “I always taught in a synagogue or in the temple area”).

Many commentators believe that the clause where all the people come together is a comment of the Gospel writer, since it would be an unusual thing for Jesus to be saying to the High Priest. However, in translation, it may have to be presented as a word of Jesus. Come together would be more appropriately rendered “meet” or “meet together.”

I have never said anything in secret is more literally “… and in secret I said nothing.” This same contrast between “in the open” and “in secret” occurs in 7.4, which Good News Translation renders No one hides what he is doing if he wants to be well known.

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of John. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1980. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on John 18:20

18:20a

I have spoken openly to the world: This clause indicates that Jesus had preached in places where people in general, the public, could hear him. He had taught openly (publicly), and so, he implied, everyone was aware of what he taught. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

I have always spoken publicly to everyone (Good News Translation)
-or-
I have spoken freely in front of everyone. (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
I have always spoken quite openly to the world (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)
-or-
It was in public that I taught.

openly: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as openly means “in public.” Jesus did not teach secretly, like someone trying to cause trouble for the government. In some languages it may be natural to translate openly with a negative. For example:

not secretly
-or-
not hidden

to the world: The word world here refers to people in general, as opposed to Jesus’ disciples alone. Use a natural phrase or idiom to indicate this. For example:

to the public
-or-
to anyone and everyone
-or-
to people in general

Jesus answered: This quotation introducer is short for “Jesus answered the high priest.” The Greek is more literally “Jesus answered him.”

18:20b–c

I always taught in the synagogues and at the temple, where all the Jews come together: This sentence gives examples of the places where Jesus had taught. They were places where the Jews assembled (gathered). Here are other ways to translate this sentence:

I always taught in the synagogues and in the temple courts, where all the Jewish people assemble together. (NET Bible)
-or-
I have always taught in synagogues or in the temple courtyard, where all the Jews gather. (God’s Word)
-or-
all my teaching was done in the synagogues and in the Temple, where all the people come together (Good News Translation)

always: This word here means that Jesus did not hide or change his message. What he said to his disciples in private, he also said in public. He did not hide or change his message in public. It does not mean that he never taught his disciples in private. And Jesus did teach people outside on the side of a mountain or near a lake. But again, his message did not change. Here are other ways to translate this idea:

regularly (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-

What I taught⌋ I always taught in synagogues or at the temple, where all the Jews gather together.

taught: In some languages it is more natural to tell whom Jesus taught. For example:

taught the people
-or-
taught the crowds
-or-
taught them

synagogues: This word refers to the places that the Jews met to worship and pray. Almost every village had at least one synagogue. The word is plural because Jesus was referring to various synagogues in many different towns and villages. See the note on “synagogue” at 6:59 and how you translated this word there. For example:

our meeting places (Contemporary English Version)

the temple: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as temple here refers to the entire temple area, including the courtyard. People did not meet inside the temple building because only the priests could go there. You may want to make this clear. For example:

the temple courts (NET Bible)
-or-
the temple courtyard (God’s Word)

You may want to follow this model if your word for “temple” makes people think that they met inside the temple building.

Here are some other ways to translate the term temple in this context:

Use a descriptive phrase. For example:

courtyard of the house of God
-or-
courtyard of the house of worship
-or-
holy/sacred house courtyard

If your language has a word for “temple,” consider using it. But you may need to include a description. For example:

courtyard of the temple of the Jews/Lord
-or-

big/great temple courtyard

See Temple, A.1, in Key Biblical Terms for more information about the temple and how to translate the word. See how you translated it in 2:14.

where all the Jews come together: This is a description of the previous places mentioned. It contrasts with being in secret. Because Jesus and his listeners were all Jews themselves, it may be natural to imply that in the translation. For example:

where the people gather (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
where we (incl.) Jews meet
-or-
where all of our people come together (Contemporary English Version)

18:20d

I said nothing in secret: This clause means the same as “I have spoken openly to the world” in 18:20a. It indicates that Jesus did not give secret teachings to his disciples. He did sometimes talk privately with his disciples (for example, when he explained his parables to them). However, his message when he was with his disciples was the same as when he spoke in public. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

I did not hide any of my teaching.
-or-
I have never said anything in secret. (Good News Translation)
-or-
I have not given any secret teachings.

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