bronze

The Hebrew, Latin, Ge’ez, and Greek that is translated as “bronze” in English is translated in Newari as “bell-metal,” since bells are made of bronze in Nepal (source: Newari Back Translation).

See also bronze vessel.

Jerusalem

The name that is transliterated as “Jerusalem” in English is signed in French Sign Language with a sign that depicts worshiping at the Western Wall in Jerusalem:


“Jerusalem” in French Sign Language (source: La Bible en langue des signes française )

While a similar sign is also used in British Sign Language, another, more neutral sign that combines the sign “J” and the signs for “place” is used as well. (Source: Anna Smith)


“Jerusalem” in British Sign Language (source: Christian BSL, used with permission)

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Jerusalem .

Translation commentary on 1 Maccabees 8:22

And this is a copy of the letter which they wrote in reply, on bronze tablets: This verse must indicate that the following verses, 23-32, are the words of the treaty between Rome and the Jews. Good News Bible does this by beginning with “and what follows is….” New English Bible is similar with “and the following is a copy…,” and so is New Jerusalem Bible with “Here is a copy of….” The bronze tablets were flat pieces of polished bronze on which the letter was inscribed with a stylus. The letter which they wrote in reply, on bronze tablets may be rendered “They replied by writing a letter on bronze tablets” or “… by inscribing a letter on sheets of bronze [or, pieces of the metal bronze].”

And sent to Jerusalem to remain with them there as a memorial of peace and alliance: Contemporary English Version has a helpful model, saying “They sent the letter to Jerusalem, to serve as a reminder that Rome was a friend and ally.”

Alternative models for verses 21 and 22 are:

• 21 The senators accepted the proposal, 22 and wrote a reply to it. They inscribed their reply on bronze tablets [or, sheets of bronze], and sent them to Jerusalem to remain there as a record of the treaty of alliance [between the two peoples]. Here is what they wrote to Jerusalem:….

• 21 The senators liked what Eupolemus and Jason said. 22 So they replied by inscribing a letter on sheets of bronze. They sent this letter to Jerusalem to remain there and remind the Jews that Rome was a friend and ally. The letter said:….

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Maccabees. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.