SIL Translator’s Notes on 1 Timothy 2003

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 2:7

2:7a

For this reason: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as For this reason literally means “for which.” The phrase connects 2:7 with 2:6 and this connection can be understood in two ways:

(1) Verse 7 is the result of 2:6. For example, the Good News Translation says:

and that is why

(Good News Translation, New Century Version, Contemporary English Version)

(2) Verse 7 is the purpose for which 2:6 occurred. For example, the New International Version (2011 Revision) says:

And for this purpose

(Berean Standard Bible, New International Version (2011 Revision), God’s Word)

Some English translations say “for this.” This English phrase does not make it clear whether they mean “for this reason” or “for this purpose” (New American Standard Bible, Revised Standard Version, NET Bible). If you cannot keep the ambiguity, it is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). Because God sent Christ Jesus to save all people (2:3–6), he appointed Paul to announce the gospel.

2:7b

I was appointed: The Greek text uses a passive here and does not say who had appointed Paul. If it is necessary in your language to use an active verb here, you should say that God appointed him. Some other words for appointed are “assigned” or “chosen.”

a preacher: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as a preacher is more literally “a herald.” A herald is a person that a king or another ruler has appointed to announce a message publicly. Paul was emphasizing that he announced important news like a herald does.

an apostle: Paul was emphasizing that God had sent him to represent Christ. For more details, see the note on “apostle” at 1:1b.

In some languages it may be helpful to translate this part of the verse as a direct quote. For example:

That is the reason that Christ appointed me and told me: “You are to announce the gospel message publicly and represent me.”

2:7c

faithful and true: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as faithful and true literally means “in faith and truth.” These words can refer to:

(1) what Paul taught: the content of his message. For example, the Good News Translation says:

the message of faith and truth

(Good News Translation, New International Version (2011 Revision), Revised English Bible, God’s Word, New Living Translation (2004 Revision), Contemporary English Version, New Century Version)

(2) how Paul taught, that is, he taught faithfully and truthfully. For example, the New Jerusalem Bible says:

a teacher of the gentiles in faith and truth

(Berean Standard Bible, New Jerusalem Bible, Revised Standard Version, King James Version, New American Standard Bible)

Paul had been talking about the message that he proclaimed. There is no reason to think that Paul suddenly changed his topic and said that he himself was teaching faithfully and truthfully. So it is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). That is, Paul was continuing to talk about the message that he proclaimed.

The Greek words meaning “faith and truth” that the Berean Standard Bible translates as faithful and true can be understood in two ways:

(1) This is a hendiadys; that is, the two words “faith” and “truth” refer to one thing. For example, the New International Version (2011 Revision) says:

the true faith

(New International Version (2011 Revision), Revised English Bible)

(2) The two words refer to two things. For example, the Good News Translation says:

the message of faith and truth

(Berean Standard Bible, Good News Translation, God’s Word, New Living Translation (2004 Revision), Contemporary English Version, New Century Version)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) and translate this as one phrase, “the true faith.” “The true faith” refers to God’s message.

teacher of the Gentiles: Gentiles are people who are not Jews. You may wish to put a footnote or glossary entry in your translation to explain who Gentiles are.

2:7d

I am telling the truth; (The translators of some versions add the words “in Christ.” For example, the King James Version says, “I speak the truth in Christ.” However, most scholars agree that these words were not present in Paul’s original letter to Timothy. The Editorial Committee of the United Bible Societies New Testament (4th edition) gives the reading without “in Christ” an {A} rating, indicating that the text is almost certain.) I am not lying: Paul had written in 2:7b, that he had been appointed as an apostle. Then he added that he was telling the truth and not lying. This could refer to three things:

(1) the whole sentence (Good News Translation, New Living Translation (2004 Revision), God’s Word)

(2) just the phrase that he was a teacher of the Gentiles (New Jerusalem Bible)

(3) just the phrase that he was an apostle

Other English versions are ambiguous. It is recommended that you translate this to refer to the whole sentence. Probably some people were saying that Paul was not really an apostle. Others may have been saying that Christ had not really authorized Paul to teach the Gentiles.

General Comment on 2:7b–d

Paul was not saying that God had chosen him to do three different jobs (herald, apostle, and teacher). Instead, he was saying that he had one task that had three parts. These same three parts are also mentioned in 2 Timothy 1:11.

General Comment on 2:7a–d

Another way to translate this verse is:

^7aThat is why ^7bGod sent me as an apostle to announce ^7cand teach his true message even to those who are not Jews. ^7dWhat I am saying is true. I am not lying.

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All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 4:9

4:9a

This is a trustworthy saying: This is an expression that Paul used often in his letters to Timothy and Titus. See 1 Timothy 1:15, 3:1; 2 Timothy 2:11; Titus 1:9, 3:8. You should try and use the same expression for trustworthy saying in all these places. Paul used this expression to refer to a saying that was well known among believers at that time.

Since this saying refers back to something Paul has already said in 4:8, it may be necessary to change the wording of the sentence. For example:

What I have just said is a trustworthy saying

See the General Comment on 4:8–9 for a suggestion that involves changing the order of the verses.

trustworthy: Paul said that what he had said was trustworthy. That means that it was true and reliable. Other ways to say this could be: “This saying really is true,” or “people should believe this.”

saying: A saying is an expression that is well known to people. In some languages it may be possible to use a word like “proverb.”

4:9b

worthy of full acceptance: Because the saying is “trustworthy”, everyone should believe it and should not doubt it in any way. They can be sure that it is true.

General Comment on 4:8–9

As mentioned above, Paul quoted the saying in 4:8, but he did not mention that it was a saying until 4:9. So, in some languages it may be helpful to reverse the order of 4:8 and 4:9 so that Paul’s statement in 4:9 introduces the saying. One way to do this is:

^9aFor this is a trustworthy saying ^9bthat deserves full acceptance. ^8aPhysical training is of some value. ^8bHowever godliness has value for all things, ^8cas it holds promise for both the present life and the life to come.

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SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 6:3

Section 6:3–10

Paul warned that it was dangerous to want to be rich

In this section Paul warned Timothy once more about the false teachers. He also told him that it was dangerous to want a lot of money. He told him that the false teachers were sinning in many ways, but that they were especially sinning by trying to use religion to get more money. He told believers to be content with what they had.

6:3a

If anyone teaches another doctrine: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as If often introduces a conditional clause. However, in this context the clause it introduces is not really a conditional clause. Paul knew there were people among the Ephesian believers who taught another doctrine. In some languages this can be made clearer by saying “Anyone who…” or “Whoever…”

teaches another doctrine: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as teaches another doctrine literally means “teaches what is different” or “teaches what is untrue.” The same phrase is used in 1:3d. Paul was warning Timothy against people who taught something different from what Paul himself taught. For example, the Contemporary English Version says:

Anyone who teaches something different…

6:3b

disagrees: The false teachers taught things about Christ and his message that were different from what Christ and his apostles taught.

the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ: Paul told Timothy that the sound words were of our Lord Jesus Christ. Scholars have understood this in two ways:

(1) It means “from our Lord Jesus Christ” and refers to what Christ taught, both when he was alive on earth and through his apostles.

(2) It means “about our Lord Jesus Christ” and refers to the things that the apostles taught about Christ.

Most English versions say “the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ,” which is ambiguous. However, this phrase is most naturally understood as the words spoken by Christ. It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).

the sound words: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as sound literally means “healthy.” See the note on 1:10d, where the same Greek word is used. Paul was saying that these words were correct and without error.

our: This again refers to Paul, Timothy, and the Ephesian believers.

Lord: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Lord is a general word that means “master.” It was used to address any respected person. Here it refers to Christ. You could translate it as “owner” or “chief.”

Jesus Christ: Notice that in this verse Paul used the more usual order Jesus Christ to refer to Jesus. It is recommended that you do the same thing.

Christ: The word Christ is used two ways in the New Testament. In the Gospels, Christ is a title for Jesus. It means “the anointed one.” But later, by the time that Paul and others wrote letters to individuals and churches, the word Christ was used as another name for Jesus. It was no longer used as a title. So here and in other New Testament letters you should spell Christ according to the rules of your language.

6:3c

godly teaching: When he used the words godly teaching, Paul was talking about the kind of teaching that helps people to behave as God wants them to behave.

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SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 1:5

Paragraph 1:5–7

Paul said that when people taught about God, the result should be that people begin to love each other. The false teachers did not love other believers. They wanted people to think that they were important teachers but they did not teach the Scriptures correctly.

1:5

In Greek this verse connects with the previous verse with the Greek word de. (BAGD says that the word de is “one of the most commonly used Gk. particles, used to connect one clause w. another when it is felt that there is some contrast betw. them, though the contrast is oft. scarcely discernible. Most common translations: but, when a contrast is clearly implied; and, when a simple connective is desired, without contrast; freq. it cannot be translated at all.” However, Levinsohn (1992) refers to it simply as a “developmental marker, in the sense that the information it introduces builds on what has gone before and makes a distinct contribution to the argument” (page 64). He further adds, “…the sense in which material introduced with de builds on and develops from the context is not always readily apparent. However, we do well to take the presence of de seriously” (pages 65–66).) In this context, de shows that Paul was contrasting two ways of behaving: “arguing” (1:4b) and “loving each other” (1:5a). One way to translate this word in English is “instead.” People should not argue, but love one another.

1:5a

The goal of our instruction: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as goal refers to the purpose/aim for which something is done. Timothy should give these instructions with a certain purpose in mind. In some languages it may be necessary to say “your” goal/purpose/aim instead of the goal/purpose/aim.

our instruction: There are at least three ways to interpret this phrase:

(1) It refers to the instruction that Timothy was to give to the false teachers. In 1:3c–d Paul urged Timothy to instruct the false teachers to stop teaching incorrect doctrines. Here Paul told Timothy to instruct people to love each other instead of arguing about what the false teachers had said. For example, the New Revised Standard Version says:

the aim of such instruction

(New Revised Standard Version, New International Version (2011 Revision), Good News Translation, New Jerusalem Bible, Contemporary English Version, Revised English Bible, perhaps the Berean Standard Bible)

(2) It refers to Paul’s instruction to Timothy. For example, the New Living Translation (2004 Revision) says:

The purpose of my instruction…

(New Living Translation (2004 Revision), God’s Word)

(3) It refers to God’s instruction to people to obey him and to teach others about him. It is another way of speaking of “God’s work,” which Paul mentioned in 1:4c. The Revised Standard Version possibly follows this interpretation when it uses the expression “our charge.”

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) which is supported by the majority of English versions.

1:5b

that comes from: Paul said that love comes from three sources: a pure heart (1:5b), a clear conscience and a sincere faith (1:5c). This means that if a person has these things, he will be able to love other people. One way to express this would be:

If a man has a pure heart, a clear conscience, and a sincere faith, he will [be able to] love others.

a pure heart: The phrase “to do something from a pure heart” means “to do something sincerely or without deceit.” In many languages there is an idiom to express this aspect of a person’s character. If your language has such an idiom, use it if it is appropriate.

1:5c

a clear conscience: A person who has a clear conscience knows that he has done the right thing. Therefore he does not feel guilty. In English this is could also be expressed as “a good conscience.”

conscience: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as conscience refers to the part of a person that helps him know what is right and what is wrong to think or do. A person’s conscience causes him to feel ashamed or guilty when he does something wrong. It also makes him feel good when he does what is right.

However, in many languages, there is not a word that means conscience. In some languages, there may be an idiom that can be used. In other languages, it may be necessary to translate the expression clear conscience by an expression like:

doing what he knows is right

a sincere faith: When a person has a sincere faith, it means that he truly trusts in God. In some languages it may be possible to say:

he truly/completely believes

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SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 3:3

3:3a

dependent on wine: Someone who is dependent on wine is someone who makes a habit of drinking too much wine or other alcoholic drinks so that he becomes drunk. Your language might express this with a single word, like the English word “drunkard,” or you may use an expression such as “someone who is always getting drunk,” or “habitual drinker.” See also Titus 1:7 where the same Greek word is used.

3:3b

Some Greek manuscripts include words that can be translated “not greedy of filthy lucre” (that is, “not greedy for money”). The King James Version follows that text. However, most scholars agree that this phrase was not present in Paul’s original letter to Timothy. So you should omit the words as the Berean Standard Bible has done. (Metzger, pages 640 and 641, indicates that the words “not greedy of filthy lucre” are a gloss derived from Titus 1:7 and were probably not present in the original. The Editorial Committee of the UBS Handbook New Testament (4th edition) does not list this reading in its critical apparatus.)

not violent: The Greek word plēktēn that the Berean Standard Bible translates as violent means “striker, brawler.” This means a person who often fights with other people or who is rough with others in language or actions. It refers mainly to fighting physically, but it can include yelling and arguing too. An overseer must not lead the believers by forcing them to do things in this way. The same word is used in Titus 1:7.

but gentle: The Greek word epieikēs that the Berean Standard Bible translates as gentle is the opposite of “violent.” If a person is gentle, he is kind, patient, calm, and respectful. He also considers other people before he does something. The same Greek word is used in Titus 3:2.

3:3c

peaceable: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as peaceable literally means “not-fighting.” It refers to someone who avoids arguing or disagreeing with other people. The word is also used in Titus 3:2.

There are two ways you can translate this:

• In a positive way, as the Good News Translation has done, that is:

peaceful

(Berean Standard Bible, Good News Translation, New Jerusalem Bible, New Century Version, New Living Translation (2004 Revision), New American Standard Bible, Contemporary English Version)

• In a negative way, as the New International Version (2011 Revision) has done; that is:

does not quarrel with other people

(New International Version (2011 Revision), Revised Standard Version, King James Version, NET Bible, God’s Word)

You should choose whichever style works best in your language.

3:3d

free of the love of money: An overseer should not be someone who is interested in getting as much money as possible. The word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as love of money is also used in Hebrews 13:5; Luke 16:14; and 2 Timothy 3:2.

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SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 5:5

5:5

5:5 is connected to 5:4 by the Greek particle de that is often translated as “but.” This particle shows that 5:5 contrasts with 5:4. This contrast is between two types of widows. The first type is a widow whom the church should not assist because she has a family (5:4). The second type is a widow whom the church should assist (5:5). The Berean Standard Bible leaves the particle untranslated. But you should express this contrast in the way that is most natural in your language.

5:5a

The widow who is truly in need: The Greek text literally says “the true widow.” Here Paul was talking about widows without families who really needed to be helped by the believers.

left all alone: The first characteristic of a widow who really needed help from other believers was that she was left all alone. That is, she had no family members who could care for her. At the time when Paul lived, widows had no one but family to rely on for care. A widow with no family had no one to help her in any way.

5:5b

puts her hope in God: This is the second characteristic of a widow who really needed the help of other believers (5:5a). She depended on God to give her what she needed.

5:5c

continues night and day in her petitions and prayers: The third characteristic of a widow who really needed the help of other believers was that she prayed night and day. To pray night and day means that she prayed frequently and regularly, both during the daytime and the nighttime. (Revised English Bible has another interpretation: “…puts all her trust in God, and regularly, night and day, attends the meetings for prayer and worship.”)

In Greek it is normal to say “night and day,” rather than “day and night.” In English it is the other way round. You should use the order that is most natural in your language.

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SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 6:14

6:14a

Keep this commandment: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as commandment is a general word that refers to any sort of commandment or order. Scholars suggest many different things to which Paul might have been referring. Three of the suggestions are:

(1) Paul was referring to everything that God expected Timothy to do as a believer and as a minister of the gospel. For example, the New Living Translation (2004 Revision) says:

obey his [God’s] commands

(New Living Translation (2004 Revision), Good News Translation, Revised English Bible, New Century Version)

(2) Paul was referring to everything that he had commanded Timothy to do in this letter.

(3) Paul was referring to what he had commanded Timothy to do immediately before this, in 6:11–12. Translations that supply the word this and use a singular “command” are probably following this interpretation.

(Berean Standard Bible, New International Version (2011 Revision), King James Version, God’s Word)

Some English versions are ambiguous. The same Greek phrase occurs in a similar context in 2 Peter 2:21 and 3:2. Also Paul did not use a word meaning this. Therefore, interpretation (1) is probably correct, and it is recommended that you follow it.

6:14b

without stain: This is a figure of speech. If something has a stain, on it, it is not perfect. So when Paul said that Timothy should obey God’s commands without stain, he meant that Timothy should obey them perfectly.

or reproach: If Timothy obeyed God’s commands without…reproach, no one would be able to accuse or blame him for the way he behaved.

In some languages it may not be possible to translate these two terms separately or to keep the figure of speech. Some other ways to translate this verse part are:

completely and fully (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
without fault or failure (NET Bible)

6:14c

until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ: Paul was telling Timothy to keep obeying God’s commands until Jesus returned.

our: This again refers to Paul, Timothy, and the Ephesian believers.

Jesus Christ: Notice that in this verse Paul used the more usual order Jesus Christ to refer to Jesus. It is recommended that you do the same thing.

6:15a–16b

In these verse parts Paul began to praise God. As in 1:17a–d, consider formatting this section of praise as poetry. One example of this format is to put one verse part on each line and indent the text.

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SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 1:16

1:16a

But: This Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as But shows contrast. Paul was contrasting what he had done with the merciful way that Christ had treated him. He was the worst sinner, but Christ had mercy on him.

for this very reason: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as for this very reason literally means “because of this.” Scholars understand the word “this” in two ways:

(1) The word “this” refers to God’s purpose, as stated in 1:16b–d. For example,

I was mercifully dealt with for this very purpose, that Jesus Christ… (Revised English Bible)
-or-
but God was merciful to me in order that Christ Jesus… (Good News Translation)

(Berean Standard Bible, Revised English Bible, Good News Translation, New Jerusalem Bible, NET Bible, New Living Translation (2004 Revision), New Century Version, God’s Word)

(2) The word “this” refers back to the fact that Paul was the worst of sinners, as stated in 1:15c–d. For example, the Contemporary English Version says:

since I was worse than anyone else, God had mercy on me…

(Contemporary English Version, New International Version (2011 Revision), New Revised Standard Version, Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)

Several English versions are ambiguous. It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).

In some languages it may be difficult to use a phrase like “because of this” to refer to God’s purpose, which has not yet been stated. Consider how to introduce the purpose in a natural way in your language. It is also possible to leave the phrase “because of this” implicit, as the Good News Translation, New Century Version, and God’s Word have done.

I was shown mercy: The Greek text does not state who was merciful to Paul. There are two possibilities:

(1) Christ

(2) God the Father (Good News Translation, Contemporary English Version, New Living Translation (2004 Revision))

Most translations do not say who showed mercy to Paul. If possible you also should leave this ambiguous and say something like “I received mercy.” But in some languages it may be necessary to state who showed Paul mercy. In 1:16b, Paul said that it was Christ who showed patience toward him. Therefore, he was probably also referring to Christ here.

mercy: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as mercy also refers to God’s kindness and compassion toward people. But mercy emphasizes that God is kind and does not punish someone who deserves it.

1:16b

so that: This is the Greek word hina. These words introduce a purpose clause. Paul had been shown mercy in order that he could be an example of the way that Christ forgives people. As stated above, the words “for that very reason” in 1:16a emphasize that purpose.

in me, the worst of sinners, Christ Jesus might display His perfect patience: Paul expressed this as a purpose for which Christ Jesus had shown him mercy. That is, Christ wanted Paul to be an example to other people and show them that Christ forgives even the greatest sinner if he repents. For that reason Christ showed Paul mercy.

in me: When Paul said that Christ was going to display his patience in me, he meant “in my case,” or “in the way that he treated me.”

the worst of sinners: See the note on “I am the worst” in 1:15d. Use the same expression here.

display: That is, “show” or “demonstrate.”

His perfect patience: When Paul said that Christ showed perfect patience toward him, he probably meant that he had not punished Paul as soon as he sinned. Instead, he waited for him to repent (see 2 Peter 3:9).

perfect: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as perfect literally means “all.” In this context it can mean “perfect,” “utmost,” “full,” and “endless.” Paul used this word to show that he was amazed at how patient Christ was with him.

patience: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as patience describes a person who is able to endure something unpleasant without complaining. Here Paul was referring to Christ’s patience with him even though he was “the worst of sinners.”

1:16c

as an example: Christ wanted people to understand that he would be patient with them in the same way. The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as example also occurs in 2 Timothy 1:13, where the Berean Standard Bible translates it as “pattern.” For that reason Christ was patient with Paul.

to those who would believe in Him: Paul was referring to those people who would believe in Christ in the future.

believe in: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as believe literally means “to have faith in.” It implies that the believer does not just know some facts about Christ. A person who believes in Christ believes that Christ is able and willing to do the things that he has promised to do.

1:16d

for eternal life: The Greek expression that the Berean Standard Bible translates as for eternal life has no verb. If you need a verb in your language, you could say, “to receive eternal life.” The meaning is that 1:16d is the result of 1:16c. People receive eternal life because they have believed in Christ.

In some languages, it is not possible to use a verb like “receive” with an object that cannot be touched, like “hope,” “joy,” “love,” or “eternal life.” In languages like that, it may be possible to say:

God will give them eternal life.
-or-
God will cause them to live forever.

In other languages it may be enough to say:

they will live forever

eternal life: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as eternal life means life that never ends. However, it does not refer to physical life. Rather, it refers to a quality of life that believers experience now, before they die, (For example, in John 3:36, Jesus says, “Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life….” He uses the present tense “has,” not the future “will have.”) and that they will experience more fully after they die.

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Source: SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 2003

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 2:7

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 4:9

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 6:3

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 1:5

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 3:3

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 5:5

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 6:14

SIL Translator's Notes on 1 Timothy 1:16

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