SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 2013 – Page 82

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 5:7

5:7a

So: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as So introduces what the fishermen did next. Because 5:7a describes the result of the miracle that had just happened, some English versions, including the Berean Standard Bible, translate this Greek word as “so.” Because this is also what happened next, other versions, such as the Contemporary English Version, translate this word as “Then.” Other versions do not translate this word. Connect 5:7a to 5:6 in a way that is natural in your language.

they signaled: The words they signaled means that Simon and the men in the boat with him motioned to men who were in another boat. They probably motioned by waving their arms for those in the other boat to come and help them. The fishermen in the other boat were probably too far away to hear their shouting.

Some other ways to translate this are:

they motioned with their arms
-or-
they waved their arms/hands
-or-
they called by waving their arms

partners: The word partners here refers to James and John. They were in the other boat, and they were Simon’s companions and fellow fishermen. These men may have been Simon’s business partners, or they may have been merely friends with the same job.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

fellow fisherman
-or-
companions

5:7b–c

they came and filled both boats so full that they began to sink: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as they came and filled both boats so full that they began to sink is literally “they came and filled both boats so as to be sinking them.”

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

Their partners came and filled both boats until the boats nearly sank. (God’s Word)
-or-
A shout for help brought their partners in the other boat, and soon both boats were filled with fish and on the verge of sinking. (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
They came and filled both the boats to sinking point. (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)

5:7b

they came and filled both boats: The subject of the verb came is different from the subject of the verb filled. The subject of came refers to the fishermen in the second boat. The subject of filled refers to the fishermen working in both boats.

You may need to make the change of subject clear. For example:

The men came, and together they filled the two boats (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
they came and they all filled both boats

5:7c

they began to sink: The clause they began to sink means that the boats started to fill with water. This happened because the fishermen put so many fish in the boats. Luke 5:11a shows that the boats did not completely sink.

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All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
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SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 5:39

5:39

This is the third short parable or illustration. Like the previous parable, it is about wine and wineskins. However, this parable makes a different point. Jesus said that people who had drunk old wine did not want to drink new wine. He was really talking about people who were content with the old ways and teaching of Jewish religion. He said that they were unwilling to consider the new ways and teaching that he had brought.

5:39a

And: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as And introduces a third illustration. In this illustration, Jesus criticized those who wanted to keep to the old traditions.

Introduce this illustration in a way that is natural in your language. You can use the same word that you did in 5:37. You should make it clear that this is a third illustration. It is different from the previous illustration about wine and wineskins. Another way to translate this is:

Also

no one after drinking old wine wants new: This is a general statement of something that is true of most people. Use a natural form in your language to make a general statement. For example:

People who have drunk old wine do not want to drink new wine.
-or-
…you don’t want new wine after drinking old wine. (Good News Translation)

new: This Greek word for new is the same word that was used in 5:37a and 5:37b. It refers to wine that has been pressed recently from grapes and is not yet fermented or strongly fermented.

5:39b

for he says, ‘The old is better.’: The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as says here could also mean “thinks” or “believes.”

The old is better:
In this statement, people are comparing new wine with old wine. The statement is literally “the old is good,” meaning that it is good when compared with the new. Many English versions translate “good” as “better” (for example, the Berean Standard Bible and the New International Version). Express this comparison in a natural way in your language.

General Comment on 5:39

You may want to add a footnote to explain some of the meaning of Jesus’ illustration about the wine. Some sample footnotes are:

Jesus was using a parable to talk about people who were content with the old ways and teaching of Jewish religion. He implied that they were unwilling to consider the new ways and teaching that he had brought.
-or-
Here old wine represents the old ways and teaching of the Jewish religion. New wine represents the new ways and teaching of Jesus. Jesus implied that people were unwilling to consider the news ways because they thought that the old ways were better.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 6:32

Paragraph 6:32–36

In this paragraph, Jesus stated that some people respond kindly only to those who treat them well. These people are just like the “sinners” whom they despise. He illustrated this with three examples. Each example is a rhetorical question that emphasizes that people like that will get no credit for such behavior.

Jesus then restated the three situations with commands. He said that God would reward them if they followed these commands.

6:32a–b

If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you?: This is a rhetorical question. Jesus used this rhetorical question to emphasize that you will not receive any credit or praise in this situation. He said that when you love those who love you, it is no credit to you.

Some ways to translate this emphasis are:

• As a rhetorical question. For example:

If you love only those who love you, why should you get credit for that? (New Living Translation (2004))

• As a statement. For example:

If you love ⌊only⌋ those who love you, you ⌊certainly⌋ do not deserve any special praise for that.

Translate this emphasis in a way that is natural in your language.

love: This is the same word as in 6:27b.

what credit is that to you?: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as credit is literally “grace.” However, in this context, it means “being well thought of” either by people or by God. Jesus was emphasizing that loving people who love you is not exceptional or special. It is not something that will result in recognition or praise.

Some other ways to translate this are:

…will you receive favor/approval for that?
-or-
…what praise should you get? (New Century Version)
-or-
…will God praise you for that? (Contemporary English Version)

General Comment on 6:32a–b

In some languages, it may be natural to change the order of 6:32a and 6:32b. For example:

32bWhat credit/praise do you deserve 32afor loving those who love you?

6:32c

Even sinners love those who love them: In Greek, a conjunction connects this clause to the rhetorical question. This conjunction is literally “for/because.” For example:

For even sinners love those who love them. (New American Standard Bible)

This conjunction introduces the reason why people gain no special credit for loving the people who love them. Since sinners also love those who love them, it is clear that doing this is not exceptional and does not cause a person to deserve special favor. In some languages, no conjunction is necessary here. For example:

Even sinners love the people who love them. (New Century Version)

sinners: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as sinners here refers to people who habitually sin against God. They do what is contrary to God’s law. Their actions, thoughts, and attitudes are not what God wants or approves. They also may fail to do what God wants them to do. Other ways to translate this are:

those/people who sin
-or-
people who do not keep God’s law/laws
-or-
those who do not obey God

The New International Version had single quote marks around the word “sinners,” but other English versions do not include them, and the New International Version (2011) no longer has them. It is not necessary to include them in your translation.

General Comment on 6:32a–c

In some languages, it may be more natural to change the order of the clauses in 6:32a–c. For example:

32cEven sinners love the people who love them. 32aSo if you love only the people who love you, 32byou will certainly not receive any credit.
-or-

32cEven sinners love the people who love them. So, 32byou will certainly not receive any credit 32aif you love only the people who love you.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 7:15

7:15a

And the dead man sat up: Jesus caused the young man to live again, and then the young man sat up. In some languages, a literal translation might imply that the man was still dead when he sat up. If that is true in your language, you may need to add implied information. For example:

The man ⌊who had been⌋ dead ⌊came to life and⌋ sat up.
-or-
The man ⌊came back to life and⌋ sat up.

And the dead man: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as the dead man is more literally “the corpse.” The term does not indicate whether the dead person was a man or a boy. It may be natural to use the same term that you used in 7:14c since it refers to the same person. (See the note on “Young man” at 7:14c.) In some languages it may be natural to translate this with a phrase such as:

the one who was dead

began to speak: The phrase began to speak indicates that the man starting speaking. The text does not tell what the young man said or to whom he was speaking. If you must supply such information, be as general as possible. For example:

and began to say ⌊things⌋
-or-
started talking ⌊to them⌋

7:15b

Then Jesus gave him back to his mother: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates literally as gave him back to his mother means “presented him to his mother.” In some languages it may be natural to use direct speech here. For example:

Jesus said to his mother, “Here is your son.”

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 7:47

7:47

many sins…loved much: There is an implied comparison in this verse. Jesus implied that the woman was like the man in the parable who owed much money and loved the lender for canceling his large debt. She loved Jesus much because she knew that he had forgiven her for many sins.

Make sure that the connection between receiving much forgiveness and loving much is clear in your translation. See the examples in the notes for this verse.

forgiven little loves little: In this verse Jesus also implied that Simon was like the man in the parable who owed only a small debt. This comparison is clear only because Jesus indicated that Simon did not show much love to him. This implies that Simon thought that he had not sinned much and did not need much forgiveness.

7:47a–b

Some English versinos, such as the English Standard Version, New International Version, and New Living Translation (2004), connect 7:47a and 7:47b with a dash. Other English versions do not use a dash here. It is probably not necessary to use a dash in your translation.

Therefore: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Therefore means “for this reason.” It introduces a conclusion. Jesus concluded that the woman showed so much love to him because she was grateful to him for forgiving her many sins. The way that she behaved toward him proved that this was true. Other ways to express this connection in English are:

I tell you, then, the great love she has shown proves that her many sins have been forgiven. (Good News Translation)
-or-
That’s why I’m telling you that her many sins have been forgiven. Her great love proves that. (God’s Word)
-or-
So, I tell you, her great love proves that her many sins have been forgiven… (Revised English Bible)

The conjunction Therefore works together with the conjunction “for” in 7:47b. Consider the meaning of the whole statement and connect it to the context in a natural way in your language.

I tell you: Jesus often used the words I tell you to begin a statement that he wanted to emphasize. It indicates that the statement was important and that people should listen carefully to it. Some other ways to show this emphasis are:

• Use a phrase before Jesus’ statement. For example:

Let me tell you this
-or-
Listen
-or-
I assure you

• Use an emphatic word within Jesus’ statement. For example:

her many sins have certainly been forgiven.

If you have another way in your language to emphasize an important statement, consider using it here.

See 7:26c and 7:28a, where the same phrase occurs.

because her many sins have been forgiven, she has loved much: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as because her many sins have been forgiven, she has loved much is literally “her many sins have been forgiven, for she has loved much.” The Greek conjunction “for” indicates “as is shown by the fact that.” It implies that the woman’s love for Jesus was the proof that she understood for how much Jesus had forgiven her.

There are a number of ways to express the connection between these ideas:

it is clear that she must have been forgiven because she loved/loves much
-or-
her many sins are forgiven, so she showed great love (New Century Version)

Express this connection in a clear way in your language.

The clause her many sins have been forgiven is passive. In some languages it may be necessary to translate it without using a passive verb. For example:

she has received forgiveness/pardon for her many sins

In some languages it may be helpful to say who had forgiven the woman’s sins. If that is true in your language, you may specify that Jesus had forgiven her sins. For example:

⌊I⌋ have forgiven her many sins
-or-

⌊I⌋ have forgiven her for the many times that she has sinned

her many sins: In this context the phrase her many sins refers to the woman’s sins against God. Jesus used the phrase in a general way to refer to the sinful things that she had done in her life. He was not implying that the woman had offended him personally.

In general, the word sins refers to offenses against God. These sins include acts, thoughts, and attitudes that are not what God wants or approves. A person can also offend God by not doing what God wants him to do. God is also offended by actions that a person does to harm other people.

It is helpful to translate sins with a general term that can include any offense against God. Here are problems to avoid:

(a) The term should not imply that only serious crimes like murder or stealing are sins. Other offenses like gossip and greed are also sins.

(b) The term should not include accidents or mistakes that are not against God’s will.

See sin, sense A, in Key Biblical Terms.

Some ways to translate sins are:

wrong acts
-or-
offenses ⌊against God⌋

In some languages it may be natural to translate sins with a phrase that includes a verb. For example:

the things that she has done wrong

have been forgiven: The verb form that the Berean Standard Bible translates as have been forgiven indicates that at a previous time in the past the woman’s sins were forgiven. The woman continued to live as a forgiven person. Use a natural form in your language to describe an action in the past that continues to be effective in the present.

In this context the verb have been forgiven indicates Jesus forgave the woman for all that she had ever done that was wrong. As a result, God would not punish her for any of her sins. He would cancel her guilt and treat her as though she had never sinned. Some other ways to translate have been forgiven are:

have been pardoned
-or-
have been canceled
-or-
have been taken away

See also forgive in Key Biblical Terms.

she has loved much: In this context the word loved refers to showing devotion and affection to a person. The love here is based on gratitude. If the word that you use for “love” refers more to a feeling than an action, you may need to add a word like “shown” or “demonstrated” to this clause. For example:

she has shown that she loves (me) very much

See how you translated “love” in 7:42c. See also love, sense A1(b), in Key Biblical Terms for more information.

7:47c

But he who has been forgiven little loves little: This clause expresses a fact that is true of people in general. It does not refer to Simon alone, but it explains Simon’s actions. Simon showed little love for Jesus because he did not think that he needed much forgiveness. Simon did not realize that he had sinned many times. In some languages it may be necessary to make this meaning more explicit. For example:

But whoever ⌊thinks that he⌋ does not ⌊need⌋ to be forgiven for many sins does not respond with much love.

As in 7:47a–b, the verb has been forgiven is passive. In some languages it may be necessary to translate the clause without using a passive verb. For example:

But if someone sins against a person in only small ways and the person forgives him, the one who sinned will not show much love to the one who forgave him.
-or-
But if someone forgives a person who sinned only a few times, the one who sins/sinned will love the one who forgives only a little.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 8:29

8:29a

For Jesus had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man: This verse describes what happened just before the man’s plea in 8:28. It explains the reason why the demons begged Jesus not to trouble or torment them. The Berean Standard Bible indicates this by using the connector For and the verb form had commanded. Use a natural way in your language to indicate that 8:29 explains what happened in 8:28. Other ways to do this in English are:

He said this because Jesus had already told the evil spirit to go out of him. (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
For Jesus had commanded the evil spirit to come out of the man just before this.

See also the General Comment on 8:28a–29a below for a suggested way to reorder these verses.

In some languages, it may be more natural to give Jesus’ command in direct speech. For example:

Jesus told/commanded the evil spirit: “Come out of the man!”

unclean spirit: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates literally as unclean spirit is another way to describe a demon like those mentioned in 8:27b. Luke used the terms “demon,” “evil spirit” and “unclean spirit” to refer to the same beings. See the note on “a demon-possessed man” in 8:27b and the note on “the spirit of an unclean demon” at 4:33a.

Luke used the singular word for spirit here. In 8:27 the plural form was used, indicating that more than one unclean spirit was in the man. The unclean spirit here in 8:29 may have been the leader of the other demons or he may have represented them as the spokesman. It is good to use a singular form here. However, if this would not be natural in your language, you may consider using the plural form.

See demon in the Glossary for more information.

come out: When a demon controlled a person, the Jews thought of the demon as being in the person. So Jesus commanded the demon to come out. You may have a different expression that you naturally use to describe when a demon releases control of a person. Some other ways you could say this are:

Jesus had commanded the evil spirit to leave the man.
-or-
Jesus had commanded the evil spirit to release control of the man.

See how you translated similar expressions at 4:35a, 4:41a, and 8:2b.

General Comment on 8:28a–29a

In many languages, it is more natural to follow chronological order here. If that is true in your language, it may be necessary to reorder the information in these verses. Here is one example:

28aWhen he saw Jesus, he screamed, ⌊came to him,⌋ and bowed down in front of him. 29aJesus commanded the evil spirit to come out of the man. 28bThe man shouted very loudly, 28c“What connection do you and I have with each other, Jesus, Son of the Greatest God? 28dI beg you not to punish me!”

8:29b–e

In 8:29b–e Luke gave some background information. He described events that had happened at a time before Jesus met the man who was controlled by the demons. Many languages will have a way to indicate that these actions happened before the actions of this story. Some examples are:

• Use specific verb forms or other forms to indicate this. For example:

The evil spirit had controlled the man for a long time. People had kept him under guard. (God’s Word)

• State explicitly that 8:29b–e describes something that happened in the past. For example:

For many times in the past, the demon had seized him…

See the General Comment on 8:27–29 at the end of the notes on 8:29e for a suggestion about how to reorder these verses.

8:29b

Many times: Many times here means “on many previous occasions.”

it had seized him: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as it had seized him means that the demon had taken control of the man. It implies that it took control violently.

8:29c

and: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as and connects 8:29b to 8:29c. It introduces what people did to the man after and as a result of the demons seizing him. See the note on this connection in the General Comment on 8:29c–d at the end of the notes on 8:29d.

he was bound with chains and shackles: In this context, the word chains refers to metal chains that were placed on a person’s wrists to restrain his arms. The word shackles describes metal shackles or manacles that were placed around a person’s ankles and then chained together.

Other ways to translate this are:

he was chained hand and foot (New International Version)
-or-
his wrists and his feet were put in chains

he was bound with chains and shackles: This clause is passive. In some languages it may be more natural to make it active and supply a general subject such as “people” or “men.” For example:

men had bound him with chains around his arms and shackles on his feet
-or-
people had tied his arms with chains and put his feet in shackles

The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as bound with…shackles also indicates that men had guarded the man so that he would not escape and hurt someone. The text does not say who had guarded him. If you must say who had guarded the man, try to use a general word such as “men” or “guards.” Here are some ways to express this idea:

he was chained hand and foot and kept under guard (New International Version)
-or-

he was kept a prisoner, his hands and feet tied with chains (Good News Translation)

8:29d

See General Comment on 8:29c–d below for suggestions on how to translate this connection.

he had broken the chains: The action had broken the chains is something that happened several times. Each time the man had been bound, the demons caused him to be so strong that he was able to break the chains.

the chains: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as chains means “bonds.” It refers here to something that is used to bind or restrain a person. It is a general word that includes both the chains that bound the man’s hands and the shackles around his feet. The Greek text literally says “the bonds.” Refer to these bonds in a clear and natural way in your language.

General Comment on 8:29c–d

In Greek, 8:29d is introduced by the conjunction that is often translated as “and” in English:

he had been chained…and he had broken the chains

However, there is a contrast between 8:29c and 8:29d. People wanted and expected the man to remain bound. Instead he broke the bonds. Some ways to express this contrast in English are:

although he had been chained…he had broken the chains
-or-
he had been chained…but he had broken the chains

Connect 8:29c to 8:29d in a way that is natural in your language.

8:29e

been driven by the demon into solitary places: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as been driven by the demon into solitary places means that the demon had forced the man to go and stay in wild, deserted places.

demon: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as demon is the singular form of the same word as in 8:27b.

solitary places: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as solitary places can also be translated as “desert” or “wilderness.” It refers to wild or desolate areas where few people lived. In this context the land was suitable for grazing pigs. See how you translated the same Greek word at 1:80b, 3:2b, 4:1b, 5:16, and 7:24b.

General Comment on 8:27–29

In many languages, it is more natural to follow chronological order here or to put background information before the events of the story. In these languages, it may be necessary to reorder the information in these verses. Here is one example:

27bThere was a man there who was ⌊formerly⌋ from the city and who was controlled by demons. 29bMany times the demon had violently taken control of him, 29cso people had bound him with chains and foot-shackles and guarded him. 29dBut he had broken the chains and shackles 29eand the demon made him go into the wilderness. 27eThere he lived in burial caves. 27dHe had not lived in a house, 27cor worn clothes for a long time. 28aWhen he saw Jesus, he screamed, 27acame to him, 28aand bowed down in front of him. 29aJesus commanded the evil spirit to come out of the man. 28bThen the man shouted very loudly, 28c“What connection do you and I have with each other, Jesus, Son of the Greatest God? 28dI beg you not to punish me!”

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 9:5

9:5a

In Greek, 9:5a begins with a conjunction that is often translated as “and.” The Berean Standard Bible and some other English versions do not translate this conjunction. It introduces the possibility that the disciples would not be able to do as Jesus had told them in the previous verse. In some languages it may be natural to translate it as “But.”

If anyone does not welcome you: The phrase does not welcome you refers to a situation where the people of a town might not receive the apostles. This probably implies that the townspeople would refuse to accept the apostles’ message. It may also imply that they would refuse to allow the apostles to stay in the town as guests.

In some languages it may be more natural to make explicit that this clause is referring to the people of certain towns. For example:

wherever people don’t welcome you (Good News Translation)
-or-

⌊But⌋ if ⌊you go to a town where⌋ people reject you

9:5b

shake the dust off your feet when you leave that town: In some languages it may be more natural to translate 9:5b as two commands. For example:

leave that town and shake the dust off your feet (Good News Translation)

shake the dust off your feet: Here Jesus told the disciples to remove any of the town’s dust that stuck to their feet and sandals. The disciples probably did this by shaking their feet or by brushing off the dust with their hands. Consider how you would describe this kind of action in your language.

To a Jewish person, shaking the dust of a place off his feet had a special meaning. It meant that he did not have any relationship with the people in that place. It implied that the people there were not God’s people.

In this context, the disciples were also showing that they were not responsible for what happened to those people. God would punish the people because they did not accept the disciples and their message.

It is important to translate this action literally here in 9:5b. Then you can explain the meaning in the next phrase (9:5c). Some ways to translate this are:

shake off the dust of that town from the bottom of your feet when you leave
-or-
when you leave, shake/brush/tap your feet to remove the dust

the dust: The phrase the dust refers to the dust of the town where people rejected them. In some languages it may be more natural to make this explicit. For example:

shake its dust from your feet

your feet: If your language has specific words for the “lower leg and foot” or for the “sole of the foot,” consider which of these expressions is more natural for this context.

9:5c

as a testimony against them: The phrase as a testimony against them gives the meaning of the symbolic action of shaking dust off one’s feet. When the apostles shook off the dust of a town from their feet, they were warning the people. They were saying that God would judge them if they did not repent. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

as a warning to them ⌊that God will judge/punish them⌋
-or-
as a sign to show them ⌊that they are responsible/guilty⌋

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 9:37

Section 9:37–43a

Jesus expelled an evil spirit from a boy

Earlier Jesus had given power to his twelve apostles to cast out demons (9:1). However, after Jesus came down from the mountain with Peter, James, and John, he heard that the other disciples had not been able to make an evil spirit leave a man’s son. When the boy approached Jesus, the unclean spirit caused the boy to convulse violently. Then Jesus cast out the unclean spirit, and the people were filled with awe.

Some other examples of headings for this section are:

The Healing of a Boy with an Evil Spirit (New International Version)
-or-
Jesus Heals a Boy with an Evil Spirit (Good News Translation)

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 17:14–21 and Mark 9:14–29.

Paragraph 9:37–40

9:37a

In Greek, 9:37 starts with the phrase “And it happened that.” While versions such as the New Jerusalem Bible include this phrase, most English versions omit it. Luke used this phrase to introduce a new event that took place the day after the events in the previous section.

The next day, when they came down from the mountain: Apparently Jesus and the three disciples spent the night on the mountain. In the morning, they went down. Since a new section begins here, consider whether it is natural in your language to make explicit to whom the word they refers. For example:

The next day Jesus and his three disciples came down from the mountain (Contemporary English Version)

In the next clause (9:37b), the focus is on Jesus, not on the three disciples. In some languages it may be more natural to keep Jesus as the subject of 9:37a. For example:

On the following day, Jesus descended the mountain along with his three disciples.

9:37b

Jesus was met by a large crowd: In order to introduce the action in the following verses, Luke describes here how many people came to meet Jesus at the bottom of the mountain. While the Berean Standard Bible translates this as a passive clause, in Greek it is active, literally “a large crowd met him.” The other English versions translate this as an active clause, and it may be natural for you to translate it that way in your language.

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Source: SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 2013