SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 2013 – Page 134

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 16:5

Paragraph 16:5–7

16:5a

And: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as And introduces what the manager did as a result of his decision in 16:4b. The Contemporary English Version translates it as “Then.” The manager began to do what he had planned in 16:4. In some languages it may be helpful to make this more explicit. For example:

So ⌊he began to do what he had planned.⌋

he called in each one of his master’s debtors: The clause he called in each one of his master’s debtors implies that he sent a message to each person who owed something to the rich man. The manager arranged for these men to come and talk with him about their debts, one at a time. Other ways to translate this clause are:

Then one by one he called in the people who were in debt to his master. (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
So he invited each person who owed money to his employer to come and discuss the situation. (New Living Translation (2004))

See how you translated the similar phrase “called him in” in 16:2a.

debtors: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as debtors can refer to people who owe debts of any kind. The debtors mentioned here may have been tenants who paid their rent with produce rather than money. They may also have been traders who bought goods from the rich man on credit. There were probably other debtors not mentioned here who owed money. If possible, use a term that could refer to any kind of debtor.

16:5b

How much do you owe my master?: The manager already knew how much each man owed his employer. He wanted the man to say the amount. He knew that he was about to offer to greatly reduce the man’s debt, and he wanted the man to appreciate it.

he asked the first: For natural English style, the Berean Standard Bible has placed this phrase after the quotation. In Greek, it comes before the quotation. Place it where it would be natural in your language.

the first: The phrase the first refers to the first man who came to see the manager about his debt.

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All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
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SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 17:6

17:6a–b

And the Lord answered: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as the Lord answered is literally “And the Lord said.” The phrase the Lord also occurs in 17:5. In some languages, it may not be natural to repeat it here. You should refer to him here in a way that is natural in your language.

If you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you can say…and it will obey you: Jesus responded to the apostles’ request for more faith by indicating that even very small faith is enough to do great things. In some languages it is difficult to express this with an “if” clause, as English and Greek do. Some other ways to translate this are:

Even though your faith is as small as a mustard seed, you can say…and it will obey you.
-or-
With very little faith that is like a tiny seed, you can command…and it will obey.

you…you: The pronoun you refers to the apostles.

17:6a

If you have faith the size of a mustard seed: There are different opinions about what this clause implies about the apostles’ faith:

(1) It does not imply anything definite about the apostles’ faith. Jesus was making a general statement.

(2) It implies that the apostles did not have faith as small as a mustard seed.

(3) It implies that the apostles did already have faith as small as a mustard seed.

Most English versions are ambiguous. It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). Jesus used this clause to introduce the statement in 17:6b about the power of very small faith. You should translate this clause in a way that supports this main point. See the next note for translation examples.

you: The pronoun you refers to the apostles.

faith the size of a mustard seed: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as faith the size of a mustard seed is literally “faith as/like a mustard seed.” This is a metaphor. For the Jews, this seed symbolized something that was very small. Many English versions make explicit that Jesus was comparing the size of the faith to a tiny mustard seed. For example:

faith even as small as a mustard seed (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
faith the size of a mustard seed (NET Bible)
-or-
faith no bigger than a tiny mustard seed (Contemporary English Version)

In some languages it may not be natural to talk about faith being small. In languages that use a verb such as “believe” to translate faith, it may also not be natural to compare this verb to a mustard seed. Some other ways to translate this comparison are:

• Use natural words in your language to describe the way people believe. For example:

If your believing is as little as a tiny mustard seed
-or-
Even if the way you trust ⌊God⌋ was weak like a mustard seed is small

• Translate only the meaning without the metaphor. For example:

If you believed a little bit, you could say to this mulberry tree
-or-
If you had even weak faith, you could say to this mulberry tree

faith: The word faith also occurs in 17:5. Translate it here in a similar way.

a mustard seed: A mustard seed is a very small seed that grows into a mustard plant. If mustard seeds and plants are not known in your area, some ways to translate this are:

• Use a loan word along with a general term if necessary. For example:

a seed of ⌊the plant/tree called⌋ mustard

• Use a descriptive phrase. For example:

a ⌊very⌋ tiny seed

• Transliterate the term mustard and indicate that it is tiny/small. For example:

a tiny mastat seed

• Use the name of a local seed that is known to be very small. If you use this option, you may want to indicate the literal name in a footnote. For example, you could say in the footnote:

The Greek text is literally “a mustard seed.”

17:6b–d

you can say to this mulberry tree, ‘Be uprooted…’: In 17:6b–d Jesus gave an example of something that is normally not possible for a person to do. A person cannot make a tree obey him. However, faith in God can make this possible.

You can translate 17:6b–d as either direct or indirect speech:

• Translate it as direct speech. For example:

…you could give this order to the mulberry tree: “Pull(sing) yourself up by the roots and plant yourself in the sea.” And the tree would obey you.

• Translate it as indirect speech. For example:

…you could tell this mulberry tree to pull itself up, roots and all, and to plant itself in the ocean. And it would! (Contemporary English Version)

Consider the most natural way to describe this action in your language. Other ways to do it in English are:

…you could make this mulberry tree uproot itself and go and plant itself in the sea.
-or-
At your command this mulberry tree would uproot itself and begin to grow in the sea.
-or-
This mulberry tree would uproot itself and plant itself in the sea if you told it to.

17:6b

this mulberry tree: The phrase this mulberry tree indicates that as Jesus was teaching, he referred to a specific tree nearby that his apostles could see. It was a large tree with many roots. Many scholars think that this tree was the black mulberry tree, which grows 8–10 meters (25–30 feet) tall. It produces small berries that can be eaten.

In some languages there may be no term for this kind of tree. If that is true in your language, some ways to translate it are:

• Use a more general description. For example:

this ⌊large⌋ tree
-or-
this big-rooted tree

• Transliterate the term mulberry and indicate that it is large or has many roots. For example:

this mulberi tree ⌊that has so many roots⌋

Since Jesus was referring to a specific tree that was growing near him, it is best not to substitute a different tree. Notice also that Jesus was not referring to a mustard tree here.

17:6c

Be uprooted and planted: The verbs Be uprooted and planted are commands to the tree to do something to itself. In Greek the forms are passive, but the tree will do the action to itself. Describe this in a natural way in your language. Some other ways to translate it in English are:

dig yourself up and plant yourself in the sea
-or-
pull out your roots and ⌊go⌋ be planted in the sea
-or-
pull yourself out of the ground, and enter the sea and plant yourself

17:6d

obey you: The phrase obey you means that the tree would do what you told it to do. If it is impossible in your language to describe a tree as doing something or obeying someone, you could say:

and what you(plur) say will happen

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 18:1

Section 18:1–8

Jesus told a story to teach his disciples to pray persistently

At the end of chapter 17, Jesus told his disciples about the coming of the Son of Man. In this section, he concluded this teaching by telling them a parable about praying persistently. He used the parable to teach them that they should continue to trust God and pray to him. They should not become discouraged when they suffer unjustly, because Jesus will return, and God will give them justice.

Justice is an important theme in this parable. Phrases about justice occur four times. Each phrase uses a form of the same Greek word, so you will probably want to translate the phrases in a similar way:

Grant me justice (18:3)

see that she gets justice (18:5)

will not God bring about justice (18:7)

he will see that they get justice (18:8)

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it. Some examples of headings for this section are:

The Parable of the Persistent Widow (New International Version)
-or-
Jesus told a parable about a widow coming repeatedly to an unjust judge
-or-
The parable of the unjust judge
-or-
God Will Answer His People (New Century Version)

Luke is the only gospel that has this story. It is similar in some ways to the parable in 11:5–10.

Paragraph 18:1–3

18:1

This verse tells the purpose and meaning of the parable in 18:2–8. In some languages it may be natural to use two sentences to do this. For example:

Then Jesus told his disciples a parable. He wanted to teach them that they must continue to pray and not become discouraged.

See the General Comment on 18:1a–c for a suggestion about using direct speech in this verse.

18:1a

Then Jesus told them: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Then Jesus told them is literally “And he told them.” The Revised Standard Version and several other English versions translate it that way. Jesus continued to speak to the same people that he spoke to in the previous section. The Berean Standard Bible has supplied the word Jesus to make the meaning clear at the beginning of this new section. Introduce the section in a natural way in your language.

them: Versions such as the Contemporary English Version, God’s Word, Good News Translation, New International Version, and New Living Translation (2004) say “his disciples” rather than them. If you decide to say “his disciples” in your translation, for help in translating that term, see the note at 17:1a.

18:1b–c

a parable about their need to: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as a parable about their need to is more literally “a parable that it is necessary to.” This phrase introduces the purpose and meaning of the parable. Other ways to introduce it are:

a parable, teaching his disciples so that they would…
-or-
a story to tell them that it is necessary to…
-or-
a story. Its meaning was that they must…
-or-
used this story to teach his followers that they should… (New Century Version)

parable: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as parable is literally “comparison.” A parable teaches a lesson or truth by showing how it is like something that people already know. Jesus used several types of parables including symbolic stories, metaphors, proverbs, illustrations, and wise sayings.

Some ways to translate parable are:

• Use a general term in your language that can be used to describe the different types of parables. Some English examples are:

illustration
-or-
metaphor

• Use a descriptive term. For example:

symbolic saying/word/story
-or-
comparison

See also parable, Type 3, in the Glossary.

to pray at all times and not lose heart: The clause to pray at all times and not lose heart indicates that it is necessary for them to pray often. They must pray until they receive the help that they need from God. It implies that they should not become discouraged and then decide that they will not pray again about their need. Some ways to translate this clause are:

it is necessary to pray persistently and not become discouraged
-or-
they must continue to pray. They must not get tired and quit praying.
-or-
they need to pray many times without despairing

pray at all times: In this context the phrase pray at all times indicates that Jesus’ disciples should pray often and persistently. It probably does not imply that they should literally be praying all the time. In the parable Jesus applied this instruction to making a specific request. They must persist in asking God to do what they need him to do. Some ways to translate this are:

they should keep on praying (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
it is necessary to persist in praying

pray: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as pray refers to speaking to God. It is a general word that includes different types of prayer, such as requests, thanks, and praise. If you need to use a more specific expression here, you should use one that refers to making requests.

In some languages it may be necessary to indicate what is prayed for. If that is true in your language, you should use a general word that can apply to most requests. For example:

ask/beg God ⌊for help⌋

Avoid a term that may imply magical or meaningless words.

not lose heart: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as not lose heart means “not become discouraged.” It implies here that they should not be discouraged when God does not quickly do what they ask him to do. They should not stop praying, and they should not stop believing that God will help them. Other ways to translate this are:

never become discouraged (Good News Translation)
-or-
never lose hope (New Century Version)

General Comment on 18:1a–c

In some languages it may be more natural to use direct speech to tell the purpose of the parable. For example:

Then Jesus told them a story to teach them saying, “You must always continue to pray and not give up.”

The words “not lose heart” may also be expressed as direct speech. For example:

Then Jesus told them a parable. He said, “It is necessary to keep on praying. You should never say, ‘I am tired of praying. I will stop.’”

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 18:33

18:33a

They will flog Him and kill Him: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as flog Him and kill Him is more literally “and having flogged/whipped him, they will kill him.” The verb kill is active. It is emphasized by being the only independent active verb in the series of verbs in 18:32b–33a. Another way to translate 18:33a is:

and after flogging him, they will kill him

Translate the series of actions in a natural way in your language.

flog: The word flog means to beat with a whip. The Romans used the kind of whip that had leather thongs and a wooden handle. They tied sharp pieces of lead into the leather thongs. When they beat a man with this whip, it could badly cut up his back with just a few strokes. This word also occurs in Mark 10:34. A different Greek word is used in Mark 15:15 to refer to this same action.

18:33b

and…He will rise again: The action in this verse part is the climax of the series of actions in 18:32b–33a: Jesus will rise again. This action contrasts with being mistreated in the previous verse parts. In Greek this verse part begins with the common conjunction that is often translated as and, as in the Berean Standard Bible. In some languages it may be natural to use a conjunction such as “yet” or “but” that introduces contrast. It may also be natural not to use a conjunction here, as in versions such as the New International Version.

on the third day: When the Jews counted time, they counted a part of a day as a whole day. Jesus’ followers would bury him on the first day. He would be in the grave during all of the second day, and he would live again on the third day.

He will rise again: The phrase He will rise again means “He will live again” or “He will come back to life.” Here Jesus continued to refer to himself as the Son of Man. In some languages it may be necessary to use a pronoun such as “I”:

I will live again

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 19:1

Section 19:1–10

Zacchaeus the tax collector began to follow Jesus

In the preceding section Jesus was approaching Jericho. In this section he entered Jericho and met a tax collector named Zacchaeus.

The Jews thought that the tax collectors were more sinful than other people. Most tax collectors cheated their own Jewish people by charging them more money than they actually owed. The tax collectors also worked with government officials who were not Jews, so the Jews assumed that tax collectors were often ritually unclean. While they were ritually unclean, they were not able to enter the temple or synagogue to worship God publicly. If another Jew entered a tax collector’s house or ate with him while he was unclean, that Jew also would become unclean.

The city of Jericho, where Zacchaeus worked, was a busy trading center. People were required to pay taxes on things that they sold. A chief tax collector like Zacchaeus could easily become rich through collecting taxes there.

You may want to include footnotes in your translation to help readers understand this background information. Suggested footnotes are given at 19:2b, Paragraph 19:5–7, and 19:7b.

Jesus was a Jew, but he went to Zacchaeus’ house and ate a meal with him. During that time, Zacchaeus repented of his sins and received salvation.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

Jesus and Zacchaeus (Good News Translation)
-or-
Jesus went to Zacchaeus’ house
-or-
Jesus ate with Zacchaeus the tax collector

Only the Gospel of Luke tells about this event. The other gospels do not mention it.

Paragraph 19:1–4

19:1

Then: This verse begins a new section. The events in this section probably happened soon after the events in the preceding section. In some languages it may be helpful to introduce this story with a time word or phrase. The Berean Standard Bible does that by translating the Greek conjunction at the start of the verse as Then. Some other ways to do this in English are:

Soon after that
-or-
After that

Jesus entered Jericho and was passing through: Jesus went through Jericho on his way to Jerusalem. The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as was passing through indicates that Jesus had begun to walk through Jericho but he had not left the city yet. Here are some other ways to translate was passing through in this context:

Jesus was going through Jericho… (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
Entering Jericho he made his way through the city. (Revised English Bible)
-or-
Jesus went into Jericho and had not walked out yet.

Jesus: Since this is a new section, the Berean Standard Bible uses Jesus’ name to refer to him. The name also distinguishes Jesus from the blind man, who was the subject in 18:43. The Greek text has “he.” The Revised Standard Version and several other English versions use this pronoun rather than the name “Jesus.” Refer to Jesus here in a natural way in your language.

Jesus was still traveling with his disciples and a crowd of people. In some languages it may be necessary to include that information here. For example:

And Jesus and company arrived
-or-
Jesus ⌊and his disciples/followers⌋

Jericho: Jericho was the name of a city that was northeast of Jerusalem. For more information, see the note in 18:35a.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 19:33

19:33a

As they were untying the colt: The two disciples had begun to untie the colt. They had not finished untying it when they were interrupted.

19:33b

its owners asked: This phrase introduces the question that the owners asked the two disciples. In some languages it may be necessary to first mention that the owners were there and saw the disciples. For example:

its owners ⌊saw what they were doing and⌋ asked

its owners: The phrase its owners indicates that more than one person owned the donkey. Perhaps a family owned it.

Why are you untying the colt?: Here the owners asked Jesus’ two disciples the question that Jesus had predicted in 19:31a. The question implies that the owners were surprised and displeased to see the two disciples untying their donkey. The owners wanted to know the reason why the disciples were untying the colt. Here is another way to translate this:

Why are you untying our colt? (New Century Version)

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 20:17

20:17a

But: In Greek, this verse begins with the common conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as But. It introduces Jesus’ response to what the people said in 20:16. Other English versions translate this word as “Then.” Versions such as the New International Version do not translate this conjunction. Begin 20:17a in a way that is natural in your language.

Jesus looked directly at them: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Jesus looked directly at them indicates that Jesus looked intently at the people. He did this to emphasize what he was about to say. He wanted them to think seriously about it. Some other ways to translate the clause are:

Jesus looked steadily at them
-or-
Jesus looked straight at them (NET Bible)

Some languages have an idiom to express this. For example:

Jesus looked them in the eye

In some languages the meaning of this action may not be clear. The action may imply that Jesus was angry or disrespectful, or that Jesus was not looking at the people before that. If the action implies a wrong meaning like these in your language, you may use a different expression that emphasizes what Jesus was about to say. For example:

Jesus spoke very seriously/directly to them.

You may also need to include a footnote in your translation to give the literal words and explain the meaning. For example:

Literally “having looked directly at them.” Jesus looked seriously at them to emphasize what he was about to say.

and said: The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible literally translates as said introduces a rhetorical question. Use a verb that is natural here in your language.

20:17b

Then: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Then introduces Jesus’ response to what the people said in 20:16c. When they said, “May such a thing never happen!” they implied that they rejected the statement in 20:16a–b. That statement implied that the Jewish leaders would kill God’s Son and that God would punish them and give their role to others. The word Then implies here that if the people rejected that statement, their thoughts would not fit with what is written in the Scriptures.

In some languages it may be necessary to make the connection with 20:16c more explicit. For example:

⌊If you say that this should never happen,⌋ then…
-or-

⌊Do you reject/deny that this will happen?⌋ Then…
-or-
If it will not happen, what then…

what is the meaning of that which is written: This is a rhetorical question. It introduces a scripture that agrees with what Jesus said in 20:16a–b. Jesus wanted the people to think seriously about this scripture. He wanted them to realize that the scripture predicts what would happen to him, and those events must happen.

Some ways to translate the introduction to this quote are:

• As a rhetorical question. For example:

What, then, does this scripture mean? (Good News Translation)
-or-
Then what is the meaning of this scripture…? (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)

• As a command. For example:

Then tell me what the Scripture means when it says:
-or-
Then listen to this scripture and think about what it means:

• As a statement. For example:

⌊That is the⌋ meaning of this statement that is written ⌊in God’s Word⌋.
-or-
Yet that is the meaning of the figure-of-speech that is in the Holy Book that says:

Translate the introduction to the quote in a way that is natural in your language.

that which is written: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as that which is written refers to words that God directed someone to write. Such writings have authority because God guided a person to write them. Here the phrase refers specifically to the statement in Psalm 118:22. Other ways to translate the phrase that which is written are:

this statement from ⌊God’s⌋ written words
-or-
This word/message that ⌊God⌋ ⌊caused⌋ ⌊someone⌋ to write

See how you translated the similar phrase in 4:17.

In this context that which is written refers specifically to what is written as a metaphor about Jesus as the Messiah. In some languages it may be necessary to make this meaning more explicit. For example:

what is written ⌊about the Messiah⌋
-or-
what is written ⌊as a proverb/symbol⌋ ⌊about Christ⌋

20:17c–d

The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone: In this context the stone is a metaphor that Jesus applied to himself as the Messiah. In some languages it is more natural to use a simile. For example:

⌊He is like⌋ a stone that builders rejected, but then that stone became the most important stone.

The Jewish leaders who rejected Jesus are like the builders who rejected the stone. Jesus would become like the most important stone in a building, because he is the Messiah, God’s Son.

You may want to include a footnote in your translation to help readers understand the meaning of the quotation in this verse. For example:

Jesus applied this verse to himself. The stone represents him. The builders represent the Jewish leaders. They rejected him, but God exalted him.

20:17c

The stone the builders rejected: The builders in this clause were using stones to build a house. They rejected one of the stones as useless. They thought that it was not the type of stone that they wanted to use in building the house.

In Greek the word stone begins the clause because it is the topic of the statement. In some languages it may be more natural to change the order of words in the clause. For example:

The builders declared a certain stone to be useless

The stone: The Jews used stones to build most of their houses. It was a common building material. In some languages it may be helpful to indicate more explicitly here that the builders were using stones to build with. For example:

As the people were building ⌊a house of stones⌋, they rejected a certain stone.

In some areas people do not use stones to build houses. If that is true in your area, you may need to include a footnote about this. For example:

People in Jesus’ country usually used stones to build houses.

It is usually best not to substitute a different building material, because stone is used as a metaphor in other places in the New Testament.

builders: The word builders refers in general to people who construct a building. In some languages it is necessary to translate this word as a verb and supply a subject and object. For example:

the people who were constructing the building/house

The scripture implies that the builders were working on a building that belongs to God. In some languages it may be helpful to make that explicit. For example:

The people who were building ⌊God’s⌋ house

rejected: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as rejected means “to examine (something), decide that it is useless, and then reject it.” The builders looked at the stone and decided that it was not useful. They did not want to use it in the building. Some other ways to translate this meaning are:

The stone which the builders rejected as worthless (Good News Translation)
-or-
A certain stone was examined by the builders, and they decided that it was useless

In some languages it may be natural to express this either as direct speech or indirect speech. For example:

The builders said, “This stone is worthless.”
-or-
The builders said/declared that the stone was worthless.

20:17d

has become the cornerstone: The Greek text does not say how the rejected stone became the most important stone in the building. If you must supply this information in your language, you should supply God as the cause. For example:

⌊God has used⌋ the stone which the builders rejected as the cornerstone of the house.
-or-

⌊God has taken⌋ the stone which the builders rejected and made it the ⌊most important⌋ stone of the house

the cornerstone: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as the cornerstone literally means “head of the corner.” There are two ways to interpret this phrase:

(1) It refers to a stone in the corner of the foundation. Here is another way to translate this:

the cornerstone (New Living Translation (2004))

(Berean Standard Bible, New Living Translation (2004), King James Version, New American Standard Bible, Revised Standard Version, Revised English Bible, NET Bible, God’s Word, New Century Version, English Standard Version, Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English, New Jerusalem Bible)

(2) It refers to a capstone, a stone in the center of an arched door. Another way to translate this is:

the capstone (New International Version)

(New International Version)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). However, both interpretations indicate that the stone was very important in the building. In some languages it is good to translate in a general way that makes this meaning clear. For example:

The stone which the builders rejected as worthless turned out to be the most important of all. (Good News Translation)

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 21:2

21:2

and He saw a poor widow: This clause introduces a woman who contrasts with the rich people in 21:1. She was poor and also a widow. In that culture, widows often did not have enough money to live on, but she was bringing an offering to God. Introduce her in a natural way in your language. For example:

Then he saw a poor woman. She was a widow.
-or-
Then he noticed a poor widow coming to give an offering.

poor: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as poor here refers to someone who is in need of basic necessities. The widow’s need is also clear from 21:4. Most English versions translate the word as poor or “very poor.”

widow: The word widow or “widows” also occurred in 18:3 and 20:47. See how you translated it there.

two small copper coins: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as small copper coins refers to the smallest coin that people used at that time. Some ways to translate it are:

• Use the name of the least valuable coin known in your culture. For example:

two pennies (Contemporary English Version)

• Use a descriptive phrase. For example:

two small/tiny coins
-or-
two coins which had very little/low value

• Use a general term that refers to a very small amount of money. For example:

a tiny bit of money

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Source: SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 2013