SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 2021 – Page 4

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 2:17

2:17

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

17a For I will remove from her lips the names of the Baals;

17b
no longer will their names be invoked.

This verse explains why Israel will no longer use the names of Baal to refer to her husband, the LORD. It is because the LORD will stop Israel from doing so.

The first line means that the LORD will cause Israel to stop saying the various names of Baal. The second line indicates the result of the LORD’s action. The result is that the nation of Israel will no longer use the names of Baal, especially in prayers or vows.

Some versions, such as the Berean Standard Bible, leave this reason-result relationship implied. Other versions make it explicit. For example:

For I will remove the names of the Baal idols from your lips, so that you will never again utter their names! (NET Bible)

Express this relationship in a natural way in your language.

2:17a

For I will remove from her lips the names of the Baals: This is a figure of speech in which the phrase her lips (literally “her mouth,” as in the New Revised Standard Version) represents the action (of speaking) performed by the mouth. The line as a whole means that the LORD will not allow the Israelites to speak the names of the Baals. For example:

I will never let her say the names of Baal again (New Century Version)

her lips: The Hebrew uses the pronoun her and not “your,” even though the pronoun refers to the same person here as in the previous verse. See the note on the pronoun “you” in 2:16b–c for translation advice.

Baals: The word Baals is plural. See the note on 2:13a. You should translate it the same way in both verses.

2:17b

no longer will their names be invoked: This is a passive clause. In some languages, it may be necessary to use an active clause and to make explicit a subject of the verb. For example:

people won’t use their names anymore (New Century Version)

General Comment on 2:17a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder the parallel parts. For example:

I will never let her speak the name of Baal again. (Good News Translation)

© 2021 by SIL International®
Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.
All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 5:2

5:2a

The rebels are deep in slaughter: There is a textual issue here:

(1) The Masoretic Text has “and rebels have made deep slaughter/corruption.” For example:

And the revolters have gone deep into slaughter (English Standard Version)

(2) Some scholars think that the original Hebrew text was “they have made deep the pit of Shittim.” This is a figure of speech that is similar to the trap metaphors in 5:1c. The meaning is also similar. For example:

They have dug the ditch deep at Shittim (New Jerusalem Bible)

It is recommended that you follow option (1) along with most versions. It makes sense, fits the context, and does not require a different original text.

The rebels: In this context, The rebels implies people who have rebelled against the LORD. It refers to the same groups of people that are referred to in 5:1a.

are deep in slaughter: There are different ways to interpret the Hebrew noun that the Berean Standard Bible translates as slaughter :

(1) The Hebrew noun comes from a verb root that means “kill, slaughter.” The phrase deep in slaughter means that they are responsible for killing many people. For example:

The revolters are deeply involved in slaughter (New King James Version)
-or-
The rebels have caused many people to be killed.

(2) The Hebrew noun comes from a verb root that means “corrupt.” The phrase “deep in corruption” means that they are responsible for many evil deeds. It does not refer specifically to officials who take bribes or other government corruption. For example:

You are deeply involved in sin. (God’s Word)
-or-
The rebels have done many evil things

Interpretation (1) will be used in the Display. It is supported by most of the lexicons. It also offers the most straightforward explanation of the word that is used in the Masoretic Text.

However, you may also use interpretation (2). This interpretation is easier to apply to the people of Israel as a whole. It also closely matches a very similar expression in Hosea 9:9 that uses forms of the same Hebrew words.

5:2b

I will chastise: In this context, the word chastise means to punish someone in order to correct their bad behavior. The same word is used of a parent who disciplines a child. For example:

punish (Good News Translation)

them all: This phrase refers to both the leaders and the people of Israel. The Good News Translation says “all of you” instead of them all. That is because the Hebrew text in 5:1 uses the pronoun “you” to refer to the leaders and people. The Good News Translation uses the same pronoun here, since the LORD is speaking to the same people as in 5:1. Translate this phrase in a natural way in your language.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 7:8

Paragraph 7:8–9

The previous verses spoke of the evil within the kingdom of Israel. This paragraph starts a new topic. It describes the relationships between the kingdom of Israel and other nations and the ungodliness that results from those relationships. Some versions use a heading here to indicate the change of topic. For example:

Israel and the Nations (Good News Translation)
-or-
Israel Turns to Other Nations for Help (God’s Word)

If you decide to use a heading here, you may need to indicate that the LORD is still speaking. For example:

Then the LORD said, “…

7:8–11

In 7:8, 7:9, and 7:11, the Hebrew pronoun that refers to the nation or people of Israel is “he.” In 7:10, the Hebrew pronoun is “they.” Some versions use “he” throughout these verses. Other versions use “they.” Use whatever pronoun or pronoun referent is natural in your language to refer to a nation or the people of a nation.

7:8a–b

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

8a
Ephraim mixes with the nations;

8b
Ephraim is an unturned cake.

Both lines describe the ruined condition of Ephraim. The first line gives a literal description of behavior that resulted in ruin. The second line describes Ephraim’s ruin with a metaphor.

7:8a

Ephraim: The word Ephraim here is a figure of speech that represents the nation or people of Israel. In some languages, it may be clearer to translate the meaning without using a figure of speech. For example:

Israel mixes with other nations (New Century Version)

mixes: The word mixes is commonly used in the context of baking. Here, however, the word indicates that the nation of Israel has adopted the customs of nations around them. It implies that the people of Israel did not keep themselves holy. Some versions make this implied information explicit. For example:

My people of Israel mingle with godless foreigners, picking up their evil ways. (New Living Translation (1996))

nations: In Hebrew, this word is literally “peoples.” Here it refers to various people groups in that region with whom the Israelite people interacted. This included the Assyrians, Egyptians, and probably Canaanite groups.

7:8b

Ephraim is an unturned cake: This statement is a metaphor. In this metaphor, the nation of Israel is compared to an unturned cake of bread. An unturned cake is a flat, round loaf of bread that is hard and burned on one side and uncooked on the other side. The way in which Israel is like an unturned cake is that it is ruined and worthless.

Here are some ways to translate this metaphor:

• Keep the metaphor. For example:

Ephraim is a half-baked cake (New Jerusalem Bible)
-or-
they are a thin piece of bread scorched on one side (Contemporary English Version)

• Change the metaphor into a simile. For example:

Now they have become as worthless as a half-baked cake! (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
he is like a pancake cooked only on one side (New Century Version)
-or-
Ephraim is like a ruined cake of bread that is scorched on one side. (NET Bible)

• Translate the meaning without using a figure of speech. For example:

Israel has become worthless.

• Use a similar figure of speech that conveys the right meaning in your language. For example:

Israel is as useless as burned food.

General Comment on 7:8a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to reorder and/or combine the parallel parts. For example:

8b Then the LORD said, “The people of Israel are worthless. They are like a flat loaf of bread that is baked on only one side. 8a They mix with ungodly foreigners and learn their evil ways.”

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 9:10

Section 9:10–17

The sins of the Israelites and the response of the LORD

This section describes the joyful beginning of the LORD’s relationship with the people of Israel and the shocking way that they responded by betraying him. Because of their sin and betrayal, it is necessary for the LORD to judge them.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Israel’s Sin and Its Consequences (Good News Translation)
-or-
Sin’s Terrible Results (Contemporary English Version)

Paragraph 9:10–13 and 9:14

In the Berean Standard Bible and some other versions, 9:10–14 are one paragraph. TN will divide 9:10–14 into two paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the LORD is the speaker. He contrasts his love toward Israel with Israel’s betrayal of him in return. In the second paragraph, Hosea offers a prayer to the LORD in response to the LORD’s words.

9:10a–b

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

10a
I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness.

10b
I saw your fathers as the firstfruits of the fig tree in its first season.

The underlined parts refer to the time when Israel was a young nation. The parts in bold print are similes that compare the LORD’s delight with them to the delight of a person who finds delicious fruit that he was not expecting to find.

I found Israel…I saw your fathers: These parallel phrases refer to the time in the desert of Sinai when the LORD chose Israel to be his people. The second phrase clarifies that he chose their fathers, meaning their “ancestors.” Make sure that your translation does not imply that the people were lost or that the LORD did not know where they were and was looking for them.

Here are some other ways to translate these parallel phrases:

I came upon Israel…I looked on their forefathers with joy (Revised English Bible)
-or-
When I first found Israel…When I first saw your ancestors (Good News Translation)

like grapes in the wilderness…as the firstfruits of the fig tree in its first season: Both these similes describe uncommon situations that give pleasure to a traveler or to any person who discovers them. Grapes do not usually grow in a desert, and the figs that appear early in the season or in the tree’s first year (see interpretation below) are more delicious and less common than figs that ripen later.

Here are some other ways to translate these parallel similes:

it was like finding fresh grapes in the desert…it was like seeing the first ripe figs of the season (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
It was like finding grapes in the desert…like seeing early fruit on a fig tree (New Jerusalem Bible)

There are two main interpretations of the phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as firstfruits of the fig tree in its first season :

(1) This phrase means the first figs of the season that appear on the tree in late spring or early summer. That fruit ripens on sprouts of the previous year. These figs are especially delicious. The more common figs appear in late summer on new sprouts. For example:

it was like seeing the first ripe figs of the season (Good News Translation)

(2) This phrase means the very first year/season that the fig tree bears fruit. These words imply that the tree is five or six years old. For example:

Like the first fruit on the fig tree, in its first season (New Revised Standard Version)

Some versions are ambiguous and have not been listed above. TNN follows interpretation (1). However, either interpretation is acceptable and makes good sense in this context.

9:10c

But they went to Baal-peor, and consecrated themselves to Shame: The relationship between the LORD and Israel changed when the people came to Baal-peor, located at “Mount Peor” (Good News Translation). There the people turned away from the LORD to worship Baal. (See Numbers 25:1–11.)

This verse part contrasts strongly with 9:10a–b. In 9:10a–b, the LORD was delighted with the people of Israel. Here in 9:10c–d, he was disgusted with them. Many English versions indicate the contrast with the word But. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a contrast.

and consecrated themselves to Shame: The LORD used the negative term Shame as the name of the idol Baal. See also Jeremiah 11:13.

Here are some other ways to translate the name of the idol:

thing of shame (English Standard Version)
-or-
shameful idol (New International Version)

It is recommended that you add a footnote to explain that the LORD substituted the word Shame for the name “Baal.” For example:

Here the LORD used the word “Shame” as the name of the idol Baal.

9:10d

so they became as detestable as the thing they loved: This clause means that the people of Israel became as detestable as the Baal idol that they loved.

In some contexts, the term “Baal” can refer to more than one idol (see the note on 2:13a). That may be true here as well. English versions translate this term in two ways. Either way is acceptable:

• As singular. For example:

and became detestable like the thing they loved (New Revised Standard Version)

• As plural. For example:

and soon became as disgusting as the gods they loved (Good News Translation)

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 11:10

Paragraph 11:10–11

In this paragraph, the LORD tells about a future time after the people of Israel are taken into exile. At that time, the Israelites will live in various countries outside of Israel. But the LORD will bring them back to their own land.

In most of this paragraph, the LORD uses the third person forms “Yahweh” and “he” to refer to himself. An exception is 11c, where he uses “I,” as in 11:1–9. In some languages, it will be more natural to use all first person forms, “I” or “I, Yahweh” instead of third person forms in this paragraph. The Display will follow the Berean Standard Bible pronoun choice in the first meaning line. It will use first person in the second meaning line.

11:10a–b

Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:

10a
They will walk after the LORD; He will roar like a lion.

10b
When He roars, His children will come trembling from the west.

11:10a

They will walk after the LORD: This expression means that the people will obey the LORD. It implies that they will be faithful and loyal to him instead of worshiping idols.

He will roar like a lion: This line is a figure of speech (simile) that compares the action of the LORD calling his people to a lion roaring. The simile means that the LORD will summon/command his people to leave the foreign lands where they live to return to Israel. The comparison to a lion’s roar may imply that the summons is irresistible.

Chronologically, the lion’s roar will happen before the people follow. In some languages it may be more natural to reverse the order of these two clauses. For example:

He will roar like a lion, and they will follow the Lord. (NET Bible)

lion: The Hebrew word refers to an African lion with a large mane. The lion represents authority and majesty.

11:10b

When He roars: There are two main interpretations of the function of the Hebrew word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as When :

(1) It indicates time. For example:

when he roars (New Revised Standard Version)

(2) It indicates emphasis. For example:

Yea, he will roar (Revised Standard Version)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1) along with most versions.

His children will come trembling from the west: This clause is more literally “and they will tremble children from [the] west.” It describes the result of the roar of the LORD.

His children: The pronoun His is not in the Hebrew text, but it is implied from the context. The pronoun is supplied in the Berean Standard Bible and in many other versions.

The Hebrew word means either “sons” or children, both male and female. Here the word may refer specifically to future descendants of the Israelites. It could also refer more generally to the people of Israel, both adults and children. Either understanding is acceptable.

Some versions make the second understanding explicit. For example:

my people will return trembling from the west (New Living Translation (2004))

will come trembling: There are two main interpretations of the Hebrew word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as trembling :

(1) It means “tremble” or “shake.” For example:

and his sons shall come trembling from the west (Revised Standard Version)

(2) It means “quickly.” For example:

They will hurry to me from the west. (Good News Translation)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). It is supported by most versions, Hebrew lexicons, and commentaries.

The reference to trembling in this context can be translated in any of the following ways:

• Translate the word trembling without additional explanation. For example:

his children will come trembling from the west. (NET Bible)

• Translate the word trembling as a reference to a person’s emotional state. Here it may indicate that a person is timid and fearful of offending the LORD. It may also indicate an attitude of humility. For example:

his sons shall come frightened from the west (New American Standard Bible)

• Translate the word trembling as a reference to the movement of birds that flutter their wings when they are startled. For example:

his children will come fluttering from the west (New Jerusalem Bible)

In Hebrew, the phrase will come trembling is more literally “and they will tremble.” The word come is not in the Hebrew text. It is supplied in the Berean Standard Bible and in many other versions. The meaning come is considered to be implied because of the following phrase “from the west.”

from the west: This phrase describes one of the directions from which the children come. The Hebrew word for west is literally “sea.” This word designates the coastlands and islands of the Mediterranean Sea. Since the Mediterranean is west of Israel, the Hebrew word “sea” is also the word for west.

This phrase implies that some of the people of Israel have relocated to the lands west of Israel.

General Comment on 11:10

In 11:10, the LORD continues to speak. However, there is a change from first person pronouns that refer to the LORD, such as “I” and “my,” to third person pronouns, such as “he” and “his.” This kind of change is typical of Hosea’s writing style.

In some languages, this change of pronouns may sound awkward and unnatural. If this is true in your language, you can continue to use first person pronouns here. For example:

My people will follow me when I roar like a lion at their enemies. They will hurry to me from the west. (Good News Translation)

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine some of the parallel parts. For example:

I, the LORD, will roar like a lion, and my children will return, trembling from the west. (Contemporary English Version)

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 13:16

13:16a

Samaria will bear her guilt: There is a textual issue concerning the Hebrew word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as bear her guilt :

(1) The Masoretic Text has “it/she will be held guilty Samaria.” For example:

Samaria will be held guilty (NET Bible)

(2) The LXX has “Samaria will be destroyed.” For example:

Samaria will become desolate (Revised English Bible)

It is recommended that you follow option (1) along with most versions and commentaries. The word guilt implies that a person has sinned. The phrase bear her guilt means the people of Samaria will suffer the consequences of their sin.

Here are some other ways to translate this line:

The people of Samaria are guilty as charged (God’s Word)
-or-
The people of Samaria must bear the consequences of their guilt (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
Samaria will pay the penalty (New Jerusalem Bible)
-or-
Samaria will be punished (Contemporary English Version)

Samaria: It is possible that the name Samaria represents the nation of Israel here, as “Ephraim” often does elsewhere. However, it is not certain. It makes good sense for Hosea to speak of the literal city and people of Samaria at that time, just prior to the Assyrian invasion of Samaria. It is recommended that you follow the majority of versions that translate the name either as Samaria or “the people of Samaria.”

13:16b

because she has rebelled against her God: This line gives the basis or reason for Samaria’s guilt. Samaria is guilty of rebellion against God. A Hebrew word, translated here as because (“for” in some versions), introduces the reason. Introduce this reason in a natural way in your language.

Here are some other ways to translate this line:

For she has defied her God (Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures)
-or-
Samaria will be punished for turning against me. (Contemporary English Version)

her God: This phrase points to the relationship that the people should have with God. Hosea may intend to give attention to how inexcusable their behavior is. They rebel as if he is not their God. Some versions leave the word her implied. However, it is recommended that you translate the complete phrase, her God.

God: In this clause, the Hebrew word for God is a form of elohim and not YHWH. Use your general term for God here.

13:16c–e

Notice the parallel lines that are similar in meaning.

16c
They will fall by the sword;

16d
their little ones will be dashed to pieces,

16e and their pregnant women ripped open.

These three lines describe the terrible consequences of the people’s rebellion against God. They will suffer and die in war. The first line is a more general statement. The second and third lines give specific examples.

There is an ellipsis in the third line. In some languages the verb may need to be supplied. For example:

and their pregnant women ⌊will be ⌋ ripped open

The second and third lines are passive in form. In some languages, it will be more natural to use active forms. For example:

16d the enemy will dash Samaria’s little ones to pieces,

16e they will rip open the pregnant women.

13:16c

They will fall by the sword: This phrase can mean that the Assyrian army will kill some people using swords. The same phrase can be a figure of speech that means people will die in war, regardless of the weapon used. It is a standard description of the devastation of war. Some versions, such as the Berean Standard Bible above, translate the Hebrew phrase more literally. Others translate the wider meaning of war. Either way to translate this phrase is acceptable. Here are some other examples:

Her people will die in war. (Good News Translation)
-or-
They will be killed by an invading army (New Living Translation (2004))

13:16d

their little ones will be dashed to pieces: This line is probably meant literally.

Here are some other ways to translate this line:

children will be beaten against rocks (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
their children will be smashed to death (God’s Word)

13:16e

their pregnant women ripped open: This line is also probably meant literally.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

their pregnant women ripped open by swords (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
their pregnant women disemboweled (New Jerusalem Bible)

General Comment on Hosea 13:16a–e

The Hebrew pronouns that refer to Samaria within this verse vary in number and gender. 16a–b has feminine singular, “she/her.” 16c–d has masculine plural, “they/their.” 16e has masculine singular, “his.” This amount of variation within a single verse is not natural in some languages. Translate these references to the city and people of Samaria in a natural way in your language.

Here are some possible options:

• Use a combination of singular and plural pronouns. For example:

Samaria shall bear her guilt, because she has rebelled against her God; they shall fall by the sword, their little ones shall be dashed in pieces, and their pregnant women ripped open. (Revised Standard Version)

• Use only singular pronouns. For example:

Samaria must be punished for rebelling against me. Her people will die in war; babies will be dashed to the ground, and pregnant women will be ripped open.” (Good News Translation)

• Use only plural pronouns. For example:

The people of Samaria are guilty as charged because they rebelled against their God. They will be killed in war, their children will be smashed to death, and their pregnant women will be ripped open. (God’s Word)

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 1:7

1:7a

Yet I will have compassion on the house of Judah: In contrast to the nation/people of Israel, the LORD will continue to show his compassion to the nation of Judah. This implies that the nation of Judah will not be judged/punished by the LORD at that time.

Yet: The Berean Standard Bible uses the conjunction Yet to introduce the contrast between the LORD’s judgment of Israel in 1:6 and his compassion toward Judah here in 1:7. Some versions use “but” or “instead.” You should introduce this contrast in a natural way in your language.

have compassion: This is the same verb that was used in 1:6c. You should translate it in the same way.

the house of Judah: This phrase is a figure of speech. It refers here to the people of the nation of Judah, the southern kingdom. See how you translated the similar expression “house of Israel” in 1:6c.

1:7b

and I will save them: In this context, this phrase does not refer to spiritual salvation. The LORD promises here to save or rescue them from defeat by their enemies in battle.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

I will deliver them (NET Bible)
-or-
I will free them from their enemies (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
I will rescue them (God’s Word)

1:7c

not by bow or sword or war, not by horses and cavalry: The bow and the sword were the main instruments used in war at that time. The horses and cavalry (the men who rode the horses or drove the chariots into battle) were the strongest units in an army. By mentioning these weapons, horses, and cavalry, the LORD compared his power to the strongest human army and implied that he is stronger.

In some cultures, people may not be familiar with these weapons and the use of horses in war. If that is true in your culture, you may need to make the meaning more explicit. For example:

I will not do it by war—with swords or bows and arrows or with horses and horsemen (Good News Translation)
-or-
I will personally free them from their enemies without any help from weapons or armies (New Living Translation (2004))

1:7d

but by the LORD their God: The LORD indicated that he will not be using a human army as his instrument to save Judah. Instead, he will do it personally with his own power.

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

but by my power as the LORD their God

General Comment on 1:7a–d

In some languages, it may be more natural to change the order of these verse parts. For example:

But I am the Lord God of Judah, and I will have mercy and save Judah by my own power—not by wars and arrows or swords and cavalry. (Contemporary English Version)

Arrange this information in a natural order in your language.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 3:5

3:5a

Afterward: This word refers to a future time after the “many days” referred to in 3:4a.

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

But the time will come when… (Good News Translation)
-or-
But later (Contemporary English Version)

the people of Israel will return and seek the LORD their God: In Hebrew, the phrase return and seek is literally “will turn…and will seek.” This combination of phrases probably means “they will again seek.” It means that they will turn their hearts again to the LORD in order to follow or worship him.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

will once again turn to the Lord their God (Good News Translation)
-or-
will return to the Lord their God and follow him (New Century Version)
-or-
will again worship and serve the LORD their God

Be careful not to translate seek in a way that implies that God is lost and they are not able to find him.

and David their king: This phrase does not refer to David himself, but to one of David’s descendants. This descendant would be king over a united Israel and Judah as David was. In many languages, it will be helpful to make explicit that this phrase refers to a descendant of David. For example:

and to a descendant of David their king (Good News Translation)

3:5b

They will come trembling to the LORD: In Hebrew, this clause means here that the people will feel awe and reverence for the LORD.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

they will tremble in awe of the Lord (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
turn with reverence to the Lord (Revised English Bible)
-or-
they will submit to the Lord in fear (NET Bible)

and to His goodness: This probably refers to the good things that the LORD promised to give the Israelites when they returned to him.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

and he will be good to them (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
and will receive his good gifts (Good News Translation)
-or-
and he will bless them (New Century Version)

in the last days: This phrase is parallel to the word “Afterward” in 3:5a. It probably refers to an indefinite time in the future when the LORD has finished judging the people of Israel. It probably does not refer here to the time at the end of the world.

Here are some different ways to express this period of time:

in the days to come (Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures)
-or-
in the future (NET Bible)

General Comment on 3:5a–b

The word “Afterward” in 3:5a and the phrase “in the last days” in 3:5b are parallel. In some languages, it may be more natural to make explicit that these time phrases refer to the same period of time. For example:

But the time will come…Then (Good News Translation)
-or-
But later…At that time (Contemporary English Version)

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder these phrases into one phrase. For example:

But when that time has ended, the Israelites will turn again to the LORD their God…They will tremble with awe…

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Source: SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 2021

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 2:17

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 5:2

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 7:8

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 9:10

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 11:10

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 13:16

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 1:7

SIL Translator’s Notes on Hosea 3:5

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