Translation commentary on Mark 1:43

Exegesis:

embrimēsamenos autō ‘sternly charging him.’

embrimaomai (14.5; cf. also Mt. 9.30, Jn. 11.33, 38) ‘be indignant,’ ‘scold,’ ‘censure’: the verb is rare in classical Greek and in the Septuagint, and Moulton & Milligan do not have any examples from the papyri to quote. Hatch is of the opinion that the word is best explained as a translation either of zaʿam ‘to be angry’ or of gaʿar ‘to rebuke.’ It has also been pointed out that the word means not merely to feel anger, but to show it, while the dative of the personal pronoun autō ‘with him’ indicated the object rather than the cause of the anger. Most translations carry the meaning of ‘sternly (or, strictly) charged’ (King James Version, American Standard Version, Revised Standard Version, The Modern Speech New Testament, Moffatt, Berkeley, Manson); Knox has ‘spoke threateningly’ while Translator’s New Testament translates ‘was indignant with him.’ Some commentators do not agree with the idea of anger. Swete, for example, appeals to the use of the word in Jn. 11.33, 38 as indicating “depth and strength of feeling expressed in tone and manner”; Lagrange sees a certain degree of severity, avec sévérité; and Taylor quotes with approval Bernard: “inarticulate sounds which escape men when they are physically overwhelmed by a great wave of emotion.”

The further use of the verb in Mark (14.5), however, and the next verb exebalen ‘he drove out’ seem to show that at least some degree of anger is indicated by the verb in this passage.

exebalen (cf. v. 12) ‘he drove out’: it is not agreed whether ‘house’ or ‘synagogue’ should be supplied, while some are of the opinion that neither is implied, the idea being simply that of driving away from his (i.e. Jesus’) presence. Revised Standard Version ‘sent away’ seems plainly inadequate, for the idea of forcible expulsion appears to be clearly indicated (cf. study of the word in v. 12).

Translation:

One of the problems in verses 43 and 44 is the apparent contradiction in temporal sequence. If translated literally (and with certain tense forms), the reader may wonder how it is possible for Jesus to send a man away (verse 43), and still speak to him, apparently later (in verse 44). This may require in some languages the subordination of verse 43 to 44, e.g. ‘As he sternly charged … at once, he said to him….’ On the other hand, some translations (e.g. Kekchi) reverse the process, and introduce verse 43 as the independent expression and then start verse 44 as ‘after he had said to him….’

Sternly charged may be translated as ‘commanded him with strong words,’ ‘spoke to him with hard words.’

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

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