For since is literally “And from then,” meaning “From the time when.” I came to Pharaoh may also be rendered “I went to the king” (Good News Translation). The distinction in English between came and “went” is not made in the Hebrew. Rather the distinction is between entering and exiting. Here the word used is for entering, suggesting entering the palace, or into the presence of the king. So since Moses is now outside the palace, “went” is more likely in most languages. (See the comments at 1.1; 5.1, 15.) To speak in thy name refers to 5.1. The name, YHWH, is important in 5.1, but here the focus is more on Moses’ role, which was to deliver Yahweh’s message. So Good News Translation has “to speak for you.” An alternative translation model is “to tell him what you told me to say.”

He has done evil uses the same word as in verse 22, but here it refers to the Pharaoh as the one who “treated them cruelly” (Good News Translation). This people, or “them,” refers to all the Israelites, as in verse 22. But since thy people is used at the end of the verse, the personal pronoun thy (“your”) may easily be advanced here; for example, “he has treated your people cruelly.” And thou hast not delivered thy people at all is emphatic in the Hebrew: “and delivering, you have not delivered your people.” Revised Standard Version adds the at all, while others rephrase: “And you have done nothing to help them!” (Good News Translation). The word for delivered means to pull out, to rescue.

Quoted with permission from Osborn, Noel D. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Exodus. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1999. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .