Translation commentary on Luke 22:56

Exegesis:

idousa de auton … kathēmenon pros to phōs ‘when (she) saw him … sitting by the light.’ pros to phōs may mean ‘in the firelight,’ or ‘by the fire,’ preferably the former. It is best understood as going with kathēmenon.

paidiskē tis ‘a servant-maid.’ For paidiskē cf. on 12.45. tis has approximately the function of the indefinite article.

kai atenisasa autō eipen ‘she stared at him and said.’ Though both idousa and atenisasa are particles in the aorist and syntactically co-ordinate, the latter goes more closely with the main verb eipen. For atenizō cf. on 4.20.

kai houtos sun autō ēn ‘this man was with him too,’ implying that Jesus was usually accompanied by a group of people. sun autō ‘with him’ may refer to a specific occasion or to a more general relationship between Jesus and Peter, preferably the latter.

Translation:

Then a maid, seeing him as he sat … Reasons of focus or transition may make preferable a transposition, e.g. ‘while he was sitting there…, a maid saw him’ (Bahasa Indonesia KB), or, ‘there was a maid there, who (or, she) saw him sitting….’ Cf. also on 5.27. — Maid can usually be rendered by a word for ‘servant’ (cf. on 12.37) or ‘slave’ (cf. on 7.2) with indication of female sex. In some languages the term employed refers to a job that is characteristic in the society for female slaves, e.g. ‘grinder’ (Totontepec Mixe).

In the light, preferably, ‘in the firelight,’ ‘shone-upon by the fire’ (cf. Toraja-Sa’dan).

Gazing at him. The preceding “seeing” referred to initial perception, here “gazing” (see on “fixed” in 4.20) indicates further, more accurate observation.

This man was with him, or, ‘with Jesus,’ or, ‘this man also was one of his companions, or, of Jesus’ followers.’ Languages with evidential aspect pose a problem here. Thus in Huli the translator must decide whether he will use the speculative aspect, expressing that the slave’s statement is based on a supposition, or the factual aspect, indicating that her statement is founded on what she saw herself. If one chooses the latter, as seems preferable, a second decision must be taken, i.e. between remote or near past, indicating respectively that the seeing has happened before, or, on the day of speaking, preferably the former.

Quoted with permission from Reiling, J. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1971. For this and other handbooks for translators see here . Make sure to also consult the Handbook on the Gospel of Mark for parallel or similar verses.

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