8:38a then may whatever prayer or petition Your people Israel make—

someone from your people Israel may pray to you and ask for mercy.
-or-
One of your people, one of the Israelites, may then pray to you and beg you for help/mercy.

8:38b each knowing his own afflictions

They will know in their own heart the pain of their sufferings.
-or-
He or she may experience/feel deep suffering

8:38c and spreading out his hands toward this temple—

They will stretch their hands out in prayer toward this ⌊your (sing) ⌋ house.
-or-
and lift up hands in prayer toward this temple.

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