Bethlehem

The town name that is transliterated as “Bethlehem” in English is translated in Finnish Sign Language with the signs signifying “manger + town” (referring to Luke 2:7). (Source: Tarja Sandholm)


“Bethlehem” in Finnish Sign Language (source )

See also manger.

In American Sign Language it is translated with the signs for “bread” and “house,” referring to the original meaning of “Bethlehem” as “house of bread.” (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)


“Bethlehem” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor

Likewise in Hungarian Sign Language:


“Bethlehem” in Hungarian Sign Language (source )

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Bethlehem .

complete verse (Ezra 2:21)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Ezra 2:21:

  • Kupsabiny: “The people of Bethlehem are 123,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “People of Bethlehem, 123” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon:

    These are the numbers/amount of the people whose ancestors lived in these following towns:

    Betlehem 123
    Netofa 56
    Anatot 128
    Azmavet 42
    Kiriat Jerim, Kefira, and Beerot 743
    Rama and Geba 621
    Micmash 122
    Betel and Ai 223
    Nebo 52
    Magbish 156
    another Elam 1,254
    Harim 320
    Lod, Hadid, and Ono 725
    Jerico 345
    Senaa 3,630

    (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)

  • English: “123 – from Bethlehem” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Ezra 2:21 - Ezra 2:35

The second part of this list counts people by grouping them according to their place of origin. The names of the places are preceded by either the phrase men of or sons of. Translators should respect the distinction made in the Hebrew text as Revised Standard Version has done. Men of may be stated as “people of” and sons of can be either “descendants of” or a special lexical form that indicates people who are born in a certain locality or who are native to that place.

The places that are named in the list are grouped according to geographic location. Bethlehem and Netophah are south of Jerusalem in the former territory of Judah. The other places are in the former territory of Benjamin: Anathoth and Azmaveth are north of Jerusalem; Kiriatharim, Chephirah, and Beeroth are northwest of Jerusalem; Rama, Geba, Michmas, Bethel, and Ai are north of Jerusalem; Nebo, Magbish, Elam, and Harim are southwest of Jerusalem; Lod, Hadid, and Ono are northwest of Jerusalem; and Jericho and Senaah are northeast of Jerusalem.

Revised Standard Version retains the Hebrew form for Kiriatharim. Good News Translation understands this to refer to “Kiriath Jearim” as in Neh 7.29, and changes it accordingly. This follows the Septuagint reading. Michmas is spelled this way in Hebrew only here and in Neh 7.31. Elsewhere it is spelled “Michmash.” Good News Translation therefore spells it here as it is spelled most commonly. Translators should follow the model they have adopted.

Quoted with permission from Noss, Philip A. and Thomas, Kenneth J. A Handbook on Ezra. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2005. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

SIL Translator’s Notes on Ezra 2:21

2:21 the men of Bethlehem, 123;

¶ There were one hundred and twenty-three (123) men from Bethlehem,
-or-
¶ ⌊This is the list and/with the numbers of the men whose ancestors had lived in the following towns.⌋ From/of ⌊the ancestral town of⌋ Bethlehem there were one hundred and twenty-three men ⌊who returned⌋.
-or-
¶ ⌊These are the numbers of the men who returned according to where their families had lived.⌋ 123 men ⌊whose ancestors had lived in⌋ Bethlehem ⌊returned⌋.

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