Section 3:1-27

The kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom invaded the land of Moab

3:1a In the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat’s reign over Judah,

At the time King Jehoshaphat had been ruling Judah for about eighteen years

-or-

During the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat’s rule/reign over ⌊the land/people of⌋ Judah

3:1b Jehoram son of Ahab became king of Israel

The Hebrew text has “Jehoram,” an alternative spelling of “Joram.” See the note on 1:17d.

Joram the son of Ahab became king of Israel in ⌊the city of⌋ Samaria.

-or-

Ahab’s son Joram began to rule in Samaria ⌊city⌋ over ⌊the land/people of⌋ Israel.

3:1c and he reigned in Samaria twelve years.

And Joram ruled ⌊Israel⌋ for twelve years.

-or-

For twelve years Joram was king ⌊of Israel⌋ .

3:1a-c (reordered)

⌊King⌋ Jehoshaphat ruled Judah for about eighteen years. Then Ahab’s son Joram became king of Israel in Samaria city and ruled there for twelve years.

-or-

When Jehoshophat had reigned over Judah for about eighteen years, Joram the son of Ahab became king in the city of Samaria. He ruled Israel for twelve years.

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