Translation commentary on 1 Maccabees 10:21

A paragraph break is appropriate here (so Revised Standard Version).

So Jonathan put on the holy garments in the seventh month of the one hundred and sixtieth year, at the feast of tabernacles: The holy garments refers to the clothing worn by the High Priest as symbols of his office (see Exo 28). It is not clear, but these are probably not the robe and crown mentioned in the previous verse. As Bartlett points out, it is not likely that the High Priest would wear garments made by Gentiles. Good News Bible translates the holy garments as “the robes of the High Priest.” Since they were the symbol of the high priesthood, Contemporary English Version translates Jonathan put on the holy garments as “Jonathan became high priest,” which is a valid rendering. The one hundred and sixtieth year corresponds to 152 b.c. (see the comments on 1Macc 1.10). The feast of tabernacles is called “the Festival of Shelters” in Good News Bible. Translators should refer to it by whatever expression has been used in the Old Testament (see, for example, Lev 23.34; Deut 16.13).

And he recruited troops and equipped them with arms in abundance: Recruited troops may be expressed as “hired soldiers.” The Greek verb translated equipped them may be taken as referring to supplying the soldiers with weapons or to manufacturing the weapons (see the comments on verse 6). For equipped them with arms in abundance, Good News Bible has “stored up a large supply of weapons,” which shifts the focus, but it does not affect the meaning. Authority to raise troops and supply them with weapons was given to Jonathan by Demetrius; the letter from Alexander says nothing about this, but we must assume such authority was either given or implied, since without an army Jonathan would not have been an effective ally. The interesting thing is that Jonathan took what both Alexander and Demetrius gave him (the high priesthood and the authority to raise an army), but he did not make any formal commitment to either one.

A model that reorders this verse is:

• During the Festival of Shelters, in the seventh month of the year 160 of the Syrian Kingdom, Jonathan put on the robes of the High Priest [or, became High Priest]. He also hired many soldiers and stored up a large supply of weapons.

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Maccabees. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.