SIL Translator’s Notes on Mark 2008 – Page 9

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 4:10

Section 4:10–12

Jesus told why he used parables

The disciples did not understand the parables that Jesus had been teaching. Jesus first explained the reasons that he taught with parables. Then he explained the parable of the sower (4:13–20).

It is good to translate the section before you decide on a heading for it.

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

Jesus explained his reason for teaching with parables
-or-
The reason Jesus taught in parables
-or-
The purpose of parables

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 13:10–15 and Luke 8:9–10.

Paragraph 4:10–12

4:10a

As soon as Jesus was alone with the Twelve and those around Him: The Greek words that the Berean Standard Bible translate as As soon as Jesus was alone are literally “when he was by himself.” In this context, the word alone indicates that the crowd had left. Jesus’ disciples were still there with him.

It may be more natural in your language to include the phrase the Twelve and the others around him in the clause When he was alone. For example, the Revised English Bible says:

When Jesus was alone with the Twelve and his other companions

Or you may want to translate the idea of alone by referring to the crowd leaving. For example:

After the crowd left him, the Twelve and the others around him…

the Twelve: Mark used the phrase the Twelve to refer to the twelve disciples. Jesus appointed them as his apostles in 3:14. It may be more natural in your language to include the noun “disciples” or “apostles” here. For example:

the twelve disciples (Good News Bible)
-or-
the twelve apostles (God’s Word)

those around Him: The Greek words that the Berean Standard Bible translates as those around Him refer to people who stayed with Jesus. They were probably disciples, but not the twelve disciples whom Jesus had chosen earlier. The Revised English Bible has:

his other companions

4:10b

they asked Him about the parable: The phrase asked Him about the parable is a general request for explanation. The words the parable probably refers back to 4:2a, and includes more than the parable of the sower.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

[they] asked him to explain the parables (Good News Bible)
-or-
they asked him what the parables meant (New Living Translation)
-or-
they asked him about the parables that he had been telling them

If it is more natural in your language to use direct speech here, translate with a general question. For example:

…asked him, “Will you tell us about the parables?”
-or-
…asked him, “What do these parables mean?”

the parable: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as the parable describes several types of speech such as metaphors, illustrations, and stories that were used to teach a lesson or a truth. Jesus taught the crowd many things in parables (4:2a). See how you translated this word in 4:2a. See also parable, Type 2, in the Glossary.

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All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:2

5:2a

As soon as Jesus got out of the boat: When Jesus got out of the boat, his disciples probably also got out of it. The author does not mention the disciples here, because Jesus is in focus. However, in some languages it may be confusing not to include the disciples. If that is true in your language, here are some ways to include them:

As soon as they got out of the boat
-or-
As soon as Jesus along with the disciples got out of the boat
-or-
As soon as Jesus and the disciples got out of the boat

Some languages may have a plural form that indicates a person and those with him. For example:

plural Jesus

Be alert for ways in your language to keep the focus on Jesus while still indicating that the disciples were also with him.

As soon as: In the Greek text, 5:2a begins with a word that indicates in this context that the man came as soon as Jesus arrived.

Here are some other ways to indicate this:

Just as Jesus was getting out of the boat (NET Bible)
-or-
And when he had stepped out of the boat, immediately (New Revised Standard Version)
-or-
When he was getting out of the boat, a man with an evil spirit quickly ran to him… (Contemporary English Version)

5:2b–c

In some languages, it may be natural to combine the information in these verse parts with 5:3a. See the General Comment on 5:2b–3a at the end of 5:3a for an example of how to do this.

He was met by a man with an unclean spirit, who was coming from the tombs: This clause describes:

(a) how a man met Jesus,

(b) the problem the man had,

Consider what is a natural way in your language to introduce a new participant in a story. Also consider what is a natural order to give the details about him and what he does.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

There was a man there who had an evil spirit and lived among the tombs. He came immediately to meet Jesus.
-or-
immediately a man from the tombs with an unclean spirit met him (New Revised Standard Version)

5:2b

He was met by a man with an unclean spirit: While the Berean Standard Bible translates this clause as passive, it is active in Greek, and in some languages it may be more natural to translate it as active. For example, the New Revised Standard Version says:

a man from the tombs with an unclean spirit met him

He was met by: The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as met simply indicates that the man came to where Jesus was. The verb can be used for many contexts, including when people meet to oppose each other. The context implies that the unclean spirit in the man was hostile toward Jesus. Your translation should not imply that the man wanted to welcome Jesus or to greet him politely. It should also not imply that Jesus and the man had already decided to meet together. Some English versions simply say:

came to him (New Century Version)
-or-
came up to him (Revised English Bible)

a man with an unclean spirit: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as with an unclean spirit indicates that an unclean spirit controlled the man’s thoughts and actions.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

controlled by an evil spirit (God’s Word)
-or-
possessed by an evil spirit (New Living Translation)
-or-
on whom an unclean spirit had fastened
-or-
on whom an unclean spirit was riding

Use an expression that is natural in your language to refer to an unclean spirit controlling a person. Refer to how you translated this same phrase in 1:23a. See also evil spirit in the Glossary for more information.

unclean spirit: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as unclean spirit refers to a spirit that is evil and can control people’s actions. The phrase unclean spirit refers to the same type of spirit as the Greek terms that are often translated as “demon” and “evil spirit.”

Here are some other ways to translate unclean spirit:

• Use a general term in your language that refers to spirits that are evil and can control people. If there is one word with this meaning, you may not need a separate word such as “unclean.” For example:

demon

• Use a specific term in your language that refers to a certain type of spirit. This spirit should be able to do what is described in this context. Do not use a term that refers to the spirit of a dead person.

• Use a descriptive phrase. For example:

an evil/bad spirit
-or-
an impure spirit (New International Version, 2011 edition)

If you translate this as “unclean spirit” as the Berean Standard Bible does, be sure that your translation does not imply that the spirit was literally dirty.

Refer to how you translated this term in 1:23a. See also evil spirit in the Glossary for more information.

5:2c

from the tombs: The man came to them from a place where there were tombs. This place was probably near the lake. Be sure that your translation does not imply that the man was a ghost.

The tombs were caves or small rooms that were cut out of a rock hillside. The people placed dead bodies in the tombs. Your translation should not imply that the man came up out of a grave that was dug down into the ground. It may be helpful to say something like:

out of caves where dead bodies were put
-or-
from the cemetery

Consider using a footnote to explain the burial practices of the Jews and other peoples who lived nearby. Here is an example of a possible footnote:

It was customary for Jews and nearby peoples to put the dead in natural caves or caves that were cut into rock hillsides.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:34

5:34a

This verse in Greek begins with a conjunction that shows contrast. Jesus’ kind words in this verse contrast with the fear that the woman felt. The Berean Standard Bible and most English versions have not translated the Greek conjunction, though some translate it as “And” (Revised Standard Version) or “But” (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English). Connect these verses in a way that naturally shows contrast in your language.

Daughter: Jesus called the woman Daughter to show his kind concern for her and so to reassure her. Daughter was an appropriate term for a teacher like Jesus to use to speak kindly to a woman.

The word Daughter does not imply here that the woman was literally Jesus’ daughter. It also does not imply that she was much younger than Jesus. The text does not indicate whether she was younger or older. In some languages it may not be natural to use a word like Daughter here, or it may imply a wrong meaning. Use an appropriate term in your language for this context. If no term is appropriate, you may leave it implied. For example:

Jesus said to the woman, “You are now well…”

Refer also to the way you translated “son” in 2:5c.

your faith has healed you: The noun faith refers here to the action of believing and trusting Jesus. Your faith has healed you implies that the woman believed that Jesus would heal her. In some languages it may be more natural to translate faith as a verb. If that is true in your language, you may also need to make explicit who or what was believed.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

You trusted in me and that has healed you.
-or-
You are well because you believed that I could heal you.

See believe, meaning 3, in the Glossary.

has healed you: See the note on healed at 5:23d. The tense of the Greek verb here implies that the woman was healed in the past, when she touched Jesus’ clothes. She was now well. Use the appropriate verb form in your language for this.

5:34b

Go in peace: The phrase Go in peace was a common blessing that a Jewish person gave to someone who was leaving. It means “may you go with the peace that God gives.” Jesus used this blessing here to reassure the woman.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

Go and may God give you his peace.
-or-
You may go home now with the blessing of God’s peace.

peace: In Jewish cultures the word peace (The word “peace” here is a translation of the Hebrew word shalom (the word that Jesus probably spoke here).) refers to serenity and the absence of conflict. It often indicates a relationship with God and all the benefits that come from that relationship, such as security, health, and prosperity. Here Jesus’ blessing of peace focuses on health and the relationship with God that the woman had because she was no longer ritually impure.

5:34c

be free: The Greek words that the Berean Standard Bible translates as be free are literally “be well.” See the note on “she was healed” at 5:29b. You will probably want to use the same word or expression here. The woman was already healed when she touched Jesus’ clothes in 5:27. However, Jesus spoke these words of healing to confirm what was already done and to assure her that she would remain healed.

Jesus spoke these words as a command. In some languages it may be difficult or unnatural to command someone to “be well.”

Here are some other ways to translate this:

You are now well…
-or-
I pronounce you healed…

of your affliction: See the note on “of her affliction” at 5:29b.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 6:24

6:24a

Then she went out: You may need to state explicitly that she went out “of that place” or out “of the room where they were feasting.”

6:24b

What should I request?: The daughter of Herodias wanted her mother’s advice. She wanted to know what her mother thought that she should ask for. So it may be natural to translate this as:

What should I ask the king to give me?
-or-
What do you think I should ask for? (Contemporary English Version)

6:24c

And her mother answered: You could say “Herodias” instead of the phrase her mother.

The Berean Standard Bible follows the order of the Greek and puts her mother answered before the answer. Some English versions place this phrase after the answer. You should put this phrase where it is most natural in your language.

The head of John the Baptist: In some languages it may be natural to translate Herodias’ answer as a complete sentence. It may also be necessary to include some of the implied information from 6:27a and 6:27b. Herod would need to order someone to go and cut off John’s head and then give it to the girl. Otherwise it may sound as if John’s head had already been cut off. For example:

Ask him to give you the head of John the Baptist.
-or-
You should ask him to cut off the head of John the Baptizer and give it to you.

John the Baptist: See the note on 6:14d.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 6:56

6:56

And wherever He went—villages and towns and countrysides—they laid the sick in the marketplaces: The Berean Standard Bible uses dashes on both sides of the phrase villages and towns and countrysides. These dashes indicate the places where Jesus went. He went into villages, towns and the countryside.

In some languages, dashes are not common. It may be more natural to follow the God’s Word:

Whenever he would go into villages, cities, or farms

6:56a

And: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as And connects 6:56a to 6:55b. It shows that the story continues. Many English versions do not translate this conjunction explicitly here. You should connect 6:56a to 6:55b in the way that is natural in your language.

countrysides: The Greek noun that the Berean Standard Bible translates as countrysides also means “farms” (as in the Good News Bible). Here it refers to the rural areas as opposed to villages and towns.

6:56b

in the marketplaces: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as marketplaces refers to large, open areas where people came to buy and sell things. Another way to translate this word is with a general expression. For example, the New Jerusalem Bible says:

in the open spaces

6:56c

and begged Him just to let them touch the fringe of His cloak: This clause is indirect speech. In some languages it may be more natural to translate what the people said to Jesus as direct speech. For example:

They begged Jesus, “Please allow this sick person to touch at least the edge of your clothes.”

them: The pronoun them refers to the sick people. If you use a direct quote, as above, consider whether a singular noun such as “sick person” may be more appropriate. Each group of people who carried a sick person may have begged Jesus to let the sick person whom they carried touch Jesus.

the fringe: Some ways to translate the Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as fringe are:

• Translate it generally as hem, border, or edge of a garment. For example, the Good News Bible says:

the edge of his cloak

• Translate it specifically as the fringe or tassel of a garment. Jewish men wore an outer garment with a fringe or tassel consisting of four blue and white threads. These hung down from the four corners of a Jewish man’s outer garment to remind him to keep the commandments. (Guelich note on Mark 6:56 (page 357).) (See Numbers 15:38–39.)

For example, the New Living Translation says:

the fringe of his robe

cloak: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as cloak refers to a long, outer garment.

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

robe
-or-
garment
-or-
clothes

This same word occurs in 5:27b–28. You should translate it here as you did there.

6:56d

all who touched Him: The sick touched either Jesus himself or his clothes.

were healed: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as were healed is passive. If your language would not use a passive here, you can say:

became well/healthy
-or-
were no longer sick

If you need to say who healed the people, you can say:

God healed everyone who touched Jesus.
-or-
God removed the sicknesses of all who touched Jesus.

Paragraph 7:1–5

In the first paragraph of this section, Mark introduced the topic of ritual uncleanness. He did this by telling an incident in which the Pharisees and teachers of the law rebuked Jesus. They rebuked him because his disciples had not followed the Jewish tradition of washing their hands in a special way before they ate.

In the middle of this paragraph (7:2b–4), Mark explained some of these Jewish traditions. He did this so that his readers would understand why the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders were upset with Jesus and questioned him.

In Greek, 7:2–5 forms one long sentence. The Revised Standard Version has a long sentence in 7:3–4, and the Berean Standard Bible has a long sentence in 7:1–2. In your translation, use sentences that are a normal length in your language.

7:1a

Then: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Then introduces what the religious leaders did next after the events in Mark 6. Here are some other ways to begin this story:

One day (New Living Translation)
-or-
After this

You should begin this story in a way that is natural in your language.

the Pharisees: The Pharisees were a Jewish religious group or party. It was very important to them to obey all of the Jewish religious laws very carefully and in detail. Here are some ways to translate this word:

• Transliterate the word Pharisees according to the sounds of your language and indicate that it refers to people. For example:

Farisi members
-or-
Parise adherents

• Transliterate the word Pharisees and indicate that it refers to a group of people with certain beliefs. For example:

people belonging to the Parise religious sect/group
-or-
members of the religious group called the Farasi

You may also want to include an explanation of Pharisees in the glossary of your translation.

the scribes: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as scribes refers to men who copied the laws of Moses by hand in New Testament times. Besides copying the Scripture, their main task were to study, interpret, and teach the laws of Moses and related Jewish laws and traditions.

Here are some other ways to translate this term:

the teachers of the Law of Moses (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
the teachers of religious law (New Living Translation)
-or-
the experts in the law (NET Bible)

See how you translated this word in 1:22c and 3:22a. See also teacher of the law in the Glossary.

who had come from Jerusalem: The phrase who had come from Jerusalem can be understood in two ways:

(1) It refers to both the Pharisees and the teachers of the law. Both groups came from Jerusalem. For example, the New Living Translation says:

One day some Pharisees and teachers of religious law arrived from Jerusalem

(New American Standard Bible, New Living Translation, New Century Version)

(2) It refers only to the teachers of the law. Only the teachers of the law came from Jerusalem. This implies that the Pharisees were already there. For example, the English Standard Version says:

Now when the Pharisees gathered to him, with some of the scribes who had come from Jerusalem

(English Standard Version, Revised English Bible)

The Greek text and many English versions are ambiguous. If possible, you should also leave it ambiguous. If you must choose, it is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). This fits the parallel passage in Matthew 15:1.

7:1b

gathered around Jesus: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as gathered around indicates that the Pharisees and teachers of the law came to where Jesus was. They wanted to see him.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 7:33

7:33a

So: The word So in the Berean Standard Bible introduces what Jesus did first as a result of the crowd’s request. Other English versions use the connector “And” to introduce this result. Other translations do not use any connector. Use a natural way in your language to introduce this event.

took him aside privately, away from the crowd: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as took him aside privately, away from the crowd is literally “took him aside from the crowd off alone.” Notice that the Greek uses three expressions to emphasize that Jesus wanted to be alone with the man:

(a) took him aside,

(b) from the crowd,

Some English versions also use three expressions. For example:

taking him aside from the multitude privately (Revised Standard Version)
-or-
took him away from the crowd to be alone with him (God’s Word)

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine these three expressions into two. For example, the New International Version says:

took him aside, away from the crowd

crowd: This crowd refers to the same group of people who brought the man to Jesus.

7:33b–34

These verses describe the actions that Jesus did as he healed the man. In some languages there are special ways to describe procedures like this. For example, special connectors like “next” or special verb forms may be used. Use natural ways in your language to tell about these actions.

7:33b

This part of the verse tells the first action that Jesus did as he healed the man. In some languages it may be helpful to use a connector to introduce this action.

put His fingers into the man’s ears: This phrase probably indicates that Jesus used his fingertips to touch the openings of the man’s ears.

7:33c

Then: The word Then introduces the second action that Jesus did as he healed the man. In some languages there may be a special connector to use here, but in other languages a connector may not be needed. Do what is natural in your language.

He spit: It is not clear from the text where Jesus spit. Scholars suggest two possibilities:

(1) Jesus spit on his own finger or fingers. For example, the New Living Translation, 1996 edition says:

Then, spitting onto his own fingers

(2) Jesus spit on the ground.

Most English versions do not specify where Jesus spit. However, if it is important in your language to indicate a location, it is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). This interpretation has more support in the commentaries. (The word “fingers” was the direct object in the previous clause, so many commentators assume “fingers” to be the implied direct object in this clause.)

and touched the man’s tongue: Jesus probably used his own spittle to touch the man’s tongue. In some languages it may be necessary to make this information explicit. For example:

he touched the man’s tongue with his own spittle

General Comment on 7:33b–c

In some languages it may be necessary to indicate that Jesus used the same finger that he spit on to touch the man’s tongue. For example:

Jesus spit on his own finger and used it to touch the man’s tongue.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 8:29

8:29a–b

In this verse Jesus asked his disciples to tell him their own beliefs about who he was.

But what about you?…Who do you say I am?: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as But what about you?…Who do you say I am? is more literally “But you,(plur) who do you(plur) say I am?” The pronoun you is repeated for emphasis. It emphasizes the difference between the people’s opinions and the disciples’ opinions.

Here are some other ways to translate this emphasis:

But you,…who do you say I am? (New Jerusalem Bible)
-or-
But who do you yourselves say I am?

say: Here the word say again means “think” or “believe.” See the note on say at 8:27d.

Jesus asked: The Berean Standard Bible has placed the phrase Jesus asked in the middle of Jesus’ question to his disciples. In the Greek text it comes before the speech begins. Place it where it is most natural in your language.

8:29c

the Christ: The phrase the Christ is used here as a title. It is not just one of Jesus’ names. The Jews used this title to refer to the special person whom God had appointed and promised to send as king and savior. The title the Christ is the Greek translation of the Hebrew title “the Messiah,” and the two titles have the same meaning.

Here are some other ways to translate the Christ:

• Transliterate it. For example:

Krais
-or-
Karisiti

• Transliterate it and indicate in some way that it is a title. For example:

the Christ
-or-
the Kirisita

• Transliterate Christ and include a phrase that explains the meaning. For example:

Christ, the appointed one
-or-
Cristo, the savior God promised
-or-
the Christ who comes from God

If you do not indicate the meaning of the Christ in the text, you may want to include a footnote to explain the meaning of the Christ. Or you may want to explain the meaning in a glossary. For example:

The title “the Christ” refers to the King and Savior whom God had promised to send.

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 9:25

9:25a

a crowd had come running: The clause a crowd had come running refers to many more people running to the place where Jesus was talking with the boy’s father (9:17–24). They were joining the crowd that was already there. This clause does not refer to the people who were already there (9:14–15).

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

even more of a crowd was gathering
-or-
many more people were running there and joining the crowd

9:25b

He rebuked: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as rebuked here means that Jesus spoke strongly and sternly against the spirit. For example:

spoke sternly to (Revised English Bible)
-or-
spoke strongly against

The words that Jesus said to rebuke the evil spirit are in the following sentence.

the unclean spirit: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as the unclean spirit refers to the same spirit that was mentioned in 9:17–24. This spirit was controlling the boy’s actions. Here the word unclean spirit refers to the same type of spirit as the Greek terms that are often translated as “evil spirit,” and “demon.” You should use the same expression or use an expression that clearly refers to the spirit that was mentioned in 9:17b. For example:

that spirit that was controlling the boy
-or-
the evil spirit

See evil spirit in the Glossary.

You deaf and mute spirit: The phrase deaf and mute describes what the spirit did to the boy. The spirit itself was not deaf and mute. It caused the boy to be deaf and unable to speak.

This phrase indicates that Jesus was speaking directly to the spirit, calling him deaf and mute spirit. The Berean Standard Bible supplies the pronoun You to indicate rebuke. This is good English style.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

Spirit of deafness and muteness (New Living Translation, 1996 edition)
-or-
You spirit that makes people unable to hear or speak (New Century Version)

If it is not natural in your language to call a spirit by a name like this, you may translate the phrase as a statement. For example:

You are a spirit of deafness and muteness.
-or-
You are a spirit that makes people unable to hear or speak.

He said: The Berean Standard Bible places the phrase He said in the middle of Jesus’ words. In Greek, this phrase occurs before Jesus’ words. Place the phrase He said where it is natural in your language.

9:25c

I command you: The clause I command you introduces the commands that follow. It also emphasizes those commands.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

I demand/require you to do this:
-or-
I order you to (Good News Bible)

to come out: The word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as come out is a normal way in Greek to speak of a demon releasing control of a person. It indicates here that Jesus commanded the demon to leave the boy and stop controlling him.

In some cultures, people do not think of demons as being in a person. If that is true in your language, it may not be natural to speak of them coming or going out of a person. Use a natural expression in your language for when a demon stops controlling a person.

Here are some other ways you could translate this:

Leave him!
-or-
Release him!

Translate this command in a way that fits the expression you used for the phrase “has a spirit” in 9:17b.

9:25d

and never enter him again: The phrase never enter him again is a command for the spirit to leave the boy alone. The spirit was never to control the boy again in the future.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

and never return to him
-or-
and never come back to him

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Source: SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 2008

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 4:10

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:2

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:34

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 6:24

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 6:56

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 7:33

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 8:29

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 9:25

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