SIL Translator’s Notes on Mark 2008

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 1:22

1:22a

The people were astonished at His teaching: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as were astonished emphasizes that the people were very surprised. The word means “overwhelmed,” “astounded” or “deeply impressed.” In Greek, the verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as were astonished is passive.

Here are some other ways to translate this part of the verse:

The people were amazed at his teaching (New International Version)
-or-
And his teaching made a deep impression on them (New Jerusalem Bible)
-or-
The people thought, “He teaches very well!”

at His teaching: The phrase His teaching probably refers to the way Jesus was teaching rather than the content of his teaching. So the Good News Bible translates this as:

at the way he taught (Good News Bible)

1:22b

because: The connector because introduces the reason why people were amazed at Jesus’ teaching. In some languages it may not be necessary to use a connector here. For example, the Contemporary English Version has:

Everyone was amazed at his teaching. He taught with authority… (Contemporary English Version)

Use a way that is natural in your language to express a reason.

He taught as one who had authority: In this context, the phrase as one who had authority means “authoritatively” or “with certainty.” Jesus knew that what he said was true and that it was God’s message.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

he taught like a chief
-or-
he spoke to them like a teacher who knows that what he says is absolutely true
-or-
he taught them like one who has the right/authority to declare the truth

1:22c

and not as the scribes: The phrase not as the scribes indicates that Jesus did not teach in the same way that the scribes taught. When the scribes explained something, they always quoted other scholars to support their views. But Jesus did not quote other Jewish teachers to support the truth of what he said.

the scribes: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as scribes is sometimes translated as “teachers of the law,” as in the New International Version. The original work of these men was to copy the laws of Moses by hand. In New Testament times, their main task was to study, interpret, and teach the law of Moses and related Jewish laws and traditions.

Here are some ways to translate this term:

teachers of the Law of Moses (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
teachers of religious law (New Living Translation)
-or-
experts on the law

See teacher of the law in the Glossary.

General Comment on 1:22a–c

The parts of this verse may be arranged in various ways. For example:

22cBut the way that Jesus taught was quite different from the scribes, 22bbecause his way of teaching showed his great authority. 22aSo the people were completed amazed.
-or-
22aThe people who heard him were amazed at the way he taught, 22cfor he wasn’t like the teachers of the Law; 22binstead, he taught with authority. (Good News Bible)

Arrange these verse parts in a way that is natural in your language.

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All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible.
BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 2:12

2:12a

And immediately the man got up, picked up his mat, and walked out: The phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as “And immediately” introduces what happened when Jesus spoke to the man. As soon as Jesus spoke, the man was healed. He got up and walked out. This is the climax of the story. Introduce this climax in a natural way in your language. See 1:42.

walked out: The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as walked out is literally “went out.” The man was no longer paralyzed, and he went out of the house to go to his own home.

in front of them all: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates with the idiom in front of them all indicates that everyone there could see what happened. All the teachers of the law and everyone else who was there saw that the man who had been paralyzed could now walk.

2:12b–c

they… glorified God, saying, “We have never seen anything like this!”: Some languages do not have a word like “glorify.” If that is true in your language, you may need to express the meaning in a quote. In this context the verb saying already introduces a quote. The words that are said to glorify God can be part of this quote. For example:

They said, “God is very good! We have never seen anything like this!”

2:12b

As a result, they were all astounded: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as As a result, they were all astounded is literally “so that they were all amazed” (Revised Standard Version). It expresses the result of 2:12a. What had happened caused everyone to be amazed. They were amazed that Jesus had healed the paralyzed man and he was now able to walk.

glorified God: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as glorified means to speak about how wonderful and excellent someone or something is.

2:12c

We have never seen anything like this!: This is an exclamation that expresses amazement and joy. The people had never seen a paralyzed man be healed so that he was able to walk again.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 3:17

3:17a

James son of Zebedee and his brother John: James is mentioned first, so he was probably the older of the two brothers. James, John, and Zebedee were previously mentioned in 1:19–20.

son of Zebedee: Zebedee was the name of the father of both James and John.

In languages where there is no single word for son, many translators have used a more general expression, such as “child.”

3:17b

whom He named Boanerges: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as whom He named refers to Jesus’ description of the character of James and John. The Greek is almost identical to the clause “to whom he gave the name” in 3:16b. Unlike the name “Peter,” which is used throughout the New Testament, the term Boanerges is not referred to anywhere else in the New Testament.

The Contemporary English Version has another way to translate this:

Jesus called them Boanerges (Contemporary English Version)

Boanerges: Boanerges was a word in the language that Jesus and his disciples spoke. You should write this word according to the sounds of your language. (The first part of the name Boanerges is clearly Aramaic and means “sons of,” but the last part could refer to the Aramaic word for “crowd/commotion” or “anger.” Another possibility is that the last part refers to a similar word in Arabic which means “Thunder”. Regardless of the origin, Mark obviously understood this to mean “Sons of Thunder.”)

meaning “Sons of Thunder”: The idiom Sons of refers to one of the characteristics of James and John. Jesus was saying that they were “Thunder-like.” Scholars are not certain in what way James and John were like thunder.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

this means “Sons of Thunder”
-or-
which means “Men of Thunder” (Good News Bible)
-or-
this means that they were like thunder

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 4:15

4:15a

Some are like the seeds along the path, where the word is sown: The Greek text here is literally “these are the ones along the path, where the word is sown” (as in the Revised Standard Version).

The words “these are the ones” (Revised Standard Version) introduce the first group of people. These people are compared to the path along which the sower has sown the word/seed. Jesus described what happens when such people hear the word.

Here are some other ways to translate this comparison:

Sometimes the word/teaching falls along the path. This is like what happens when some people…
-or-
These/Some people are like the path along which the word is sown/scattered.

along the path: Translate this phrase as you did in 4:4b.

is sown: The verb is sown is passive. In the parable, the farmer sowed the seed. This event represents someone telling the gospel.

If it is more natural in your language to say who sowed, you may want to use “someone.” For example:

someone sowed/told the word

If possible keep the focus on the word.

4:15b–c

As soon as they hear it, Satan comes: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as As soon as they hear it, Satan comes is literally “when they hear, Satan immediately comes” (as in the New Revised Standard Version). The God’s Word has another way to translate this:

Whenever they hear the word, Satan comes at once

If you have included the information that these people hear the word in 4:15a, it may be natural to translate this as:

as soon as that happens
-or-
immediately after that

Satan: The word Satan is the Hebrew name of the chief or leader of all the evil spirits. In Hebrew his name means “enemy.” He is the enemy of God and God’s people. See how you translated this name in 3:23–26. Here are some ways to translate Satan:

• Use a local name or idiom that refers to the chief of all demons.

• Use a descriptive phrase such as:

the chief/leader of the evil spirits
-or-
the spirit enemy of God

• Transliterate the name Satan. If this word is not already known in your area, you may also want to add a descriptive phrase. For example:

Satanas, the ruler of demons
-or-
Shaitan

If you transliterate Satan or borrow a word from another language, be sure that it communicates the biblical meaning to people in your culture. It is important to check this in each biblical context.

Try to use a term that will be acceptable to churches in the area. It is suggested that you also add a footnote or glossary entry that further explains who Satan is. For example:

Satan is the leader of all the evil spirits or demons. Once he was an angel in heaven, but he rebelled against God. God expelled him from heaven, and now he tempts people on earth. Here are other names for Satan that are used in the Bible: “Beelzebul,” “the Devil,” “the Evil One,” “the Enemy,” and “the Tempter.”

See how you translated this word in 1:13a.

takes away the word that was sown in them:

There is a minor textual issue here: (1) Some Greek manuscripts have
in/into them. For example, the Contemporary English Version says: “Satan comes and snatches the word that was sown in them” (Berean Standard Bible, Revised Standard Version, New International Version, New Jerusalem Bible, New American Standard Bible, New Living Translation, God’s Word, Contemporary English Version, Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English, NET Bible, Revised English Bible, New Century Version). (2) Other Greek manuscripts have in their hearts. For example, the King James Version says: “taketh away the word that was sown in their hearts” (King James Version). You should follow option (1) since it has the best manuscript support.) Again, this clause mixes the explanation with the metaphor. The phrase the word is part of the explanation. The phrase was sown in them is a metaphor. It may be more natural in your language to explain the metaphor here. For example:

takes away what has been sown in their minds (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)
-or-
removes the word of God that they heard

takes away the word: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as takes away can also be translated as “removes.” Satan takes away the seed/word in the sense that he makes the person “forget” what they have heard. In some languages it may be natural to translate it in a non-figurative way. For example:

causes them to forget God’s message

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:7

5:7a

he shouted in a loud voice: The Greek text says literally: “crying out with/in a great voice, he said.” Use an expression that would be natural in your language to describe a person who was shouting because an unclean spirit was controlling him.

he shouted: It was the man who was speaking here. However, it is clear from what he said that the unclean spirit was making him say these words. Consider how it would be natural to introduce these words in your language.

5:7b

What do You want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God?: The unclean spirit used both Jesus’ name and the title Son of the Most High God to address him. If this would not be natural in your language, you may need to use a different way to express the ideas. For example:

Jesus, you are the Son of the Most High God! What are you doing here? (Easy English Bible)
-or-
What do you want with me, Jesus? You are the Son of the Most High God!
-or-
You are Jesus, the Son of the Most High God! What do you want with me?

What do You want with me…?: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as What do you want with me…? is literally “What to me and to you?” This is an idiom. It means “What connection/relation do I have with you?” (The commentaries and a detailed article by Nigel Turner (Grammatical Insights Into the Greek NT, pages 43–47) discuss the differences in meaning between “What do we have in common?”, “What cause of enmity/injustice is there between us?” and “What business do we have with each other?” However, when the rhetorical nature of the question is appreciated, the differences between these renderings of the question largely dissolve. A sense close to “leave me alone” works well in all contexts where this is found, whether the occasion is some issue of injustice between parties, a request that someone get involved in a matter he felt was not his business, or a plea, as here, on the part of demons that Jesus refrain from punishing them.)

This is a rhetorical question that implies “we have no connection/relation” or “we have nothing in common.” It also implies a request or rebuke, that is, “since we have nothing in common, you should not trouble me.” In this context, the unclean spirit, in fear or panic, was pleading with Jesus not to cause him to leave the man.

Here are some ways to translate this rhetorical question:

• As a question. For example:

What connection do we have with each other…?
-or-
Why are you troubling/disturbing me…?
-or-
Why are you interfering with me…?

• As a statement or a command. For example:

We certainly do not have anything in common with one another…!
-or-
Do not trouble me…!
-or-
Leave me alone…! (NET Bible)

In some languages you may have an idiom that expresses this meaning. See how you translated the almost identical expression at 1:24a.

Son of…God: The Bible uses the title Son of…God to express the fact that Jesus has the same nature as God and that he comes from God. The title also indicates that the relationship between God and Jesus, his Son, is similar in some way to the relationship of human fathers and sons. God does not have a physical body, and he did not create/produce Jesus the way a human father produces a son. Jesus existed eternally as the Son with his Father.

See how you translated this expression at 1:1 and 3:11c.

the Most High God: The phrase the Most High God is a title for God that is used several times in the Old and New Testaments. It indicates that God is greater and more powerful than any other god, being, or power that exists. The title does not refer to literal height or size. In some languages there may be a special way to indicate that a phrase such as this is a title. The Berean Standard Bible uses capital letters to indicate this.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

the Greatest/Highest God
-or-
God, the One who is more powerful than all other beings
-or-
the God who is so great that no one is great like him

God: God: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as God refers here to the eternal spirit who created everything. He is more powerful than any other spirit, and he is perfectly good and wise. He deserves to be worshipped. Here are some ways to translate God:

• Use a name or title for God that people in your culture already use.

• Use a descriptive term that fits the truth about God that is revealed in the Bible. For example:

Creator
-or-
Great Spirit
-or-
Ruler of the universe

See how you translated God in 1:1. For more detailed information, see God in the Glossary.

5:7c

I beg You before God not to torture me: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as I beg you before God is a very serious expression. It is used to tell someone to swear an oath that uses God’s name. (It was common in ancient magic to appeal to the name of a greater spirit or power to assure the success of the magic. Here the unclean spirit in the man appealed to the highest name possible, God’s name.) This implies that the person should promise to do something and agree that God would punish him if he did not do it. You may have a special expression in your language to tell someone to swear an oath or make a serious promise.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

Promise me in God’s name that you won’t torture me! (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
I beg you to take an oath before God that you will not torture me!
-or-
Please promise not to torture me and agree that God may punish you if you break that promise!

not to torture me: In this context, the word torture means “punish with pain, cause to suffer.”

Here are some other ways to translate it:

not to punish me
-or-
not to torment me
-or-
not to cause me to suffer

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:39

5:39a

He went inside: This phrase indicates that Jesus entered Jairus’ house (or possibly the courtyard of the house).

and asked: The Greek includes the pronoun “them.” It refers to the people who were weeping and wailing in mourning.

5:39b

Why all this commotion and weeping?: This is a rhetorical question. Jesus used it to tell the people that they did not need to make such commotion and to wail so intensely. In 5:39c Jesus gave the reason for his question. He said that the child was not really dead. There are two ways to translate this rhetorical question:

• As a rhetorical question. For example:

Why all this confusion? Why are you crying? (Good News Bible)
-or-
Is there any reason to make such commotion and to wail so loudly?
-or-
Do you really need to mourn and wail with such a commotion?

• As a statement or a command. For example:

There is no need for you to make all this commotion or to wail like that.
-or-
Do not make such a commotion and do not cry.

Use whichever form is most natural to express this in your language.

weeping: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates here as weeping is the same word that it translated as “weeping” in 5:38a–b.

5:39c

The child is not dead, but asleep: This statement gives the reason or explanation for Jesus’ words in 5:39b. Indicate this in a natural way in your language. For example, the connector “For” is often used in English to introduce a reason like this:

For the child is not dead but asleep.

This statement should not be understood literally. Jesus did not mean that the girl was not actually dead. He did not mean that she was literally only sleeping or in a coma. He used the word “sleep” here to refer to the death of a person who will be raised back to life. (For example, see John 11:11–14 and 1 Thessalonians 5:10.) But these words should be translated literally because the mourners wrongly understood them literally.

You may want to include a footnote here to explain this. For example:

Jesus knew that the girl was dead. He said that she was sleeping because he knew that he would soon make her live again. Jesus also used the word “sleep” to talk about the death of Lazarus (John 11:11–14), another person whom he raised from the dead.

child: Here Jesus used a term that can refer to either a young boy or a young girl. Use a term that is appropriate for a twelve-year-old girl (see 5:42).

General Comment on 5:39b–c

In some languages it may be more natural to reorder 5:39b–c so that the reason for the exhortation is given first. For example:

39cThe child is not dead but only sleeping. 39bSo, you do not need to make such a commotion and to weep.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 6:29

6:29a

When John’s disciples heard about this: Here the story shifts to a new set of people, John’s disciples. John the Baptizer also had disciples, just as Jesus did (see 2:18d). The Berean Standard Bible follows the order of the Greek by introducing John’s disciples in 6:29a. Here are some other examples of ways to introduce them:

When John’s disciples heard this
-or-
John’s disciples heard this, so…

disciples: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as disciples means “learners” who are in a relationship with a teacher. The learners commit themselves to their teacher in order to learn from him and live according to his teaching and example. In the New Testament disciples often lived with their teacher and followed him wherever he went.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

students/learners
-or-
apprentices
-or-
followers

See how you translated this term at 2:15b and 6:1c. See also disciple in the Glossary for more information.

this: The word this refers to the fact that John had been killed. You may need to make this explicit in your translation. For example:

When John’s disciples heard that John was dead
-or-
When John’s disciples heard that this had happened

6:29b

they came: John’s disciples probably came to Herod or to Herod’s soldiers and asked for the body. Your translation should not imply that they came and took the body without permission.

6:29c

and took his body: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as body refers specifically to a corpse, that is, a dead body.

6:29d

and placed it in a tomb: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as tomb refers to a cave where people could bury someone who had died. The main idea here is that John’s disciples honored their dead master in the customary way of burial. If people do not put the dead in caves in your culture, you could use a general verb such as “entombed” or “buried” (Good News Bible).

Your language may have an appropriate idiom, such as “laid it to rest” in English.

General Comment on 6:29, 6:7

This verse ends a long section of background information about the death of John the Baptizer. In some languages it may be necessary to indicate that the background information has ended. You may need to repeat what was happening before the background information began. For example:

It was sometime after John the Baptizer was buried that Jesus sent his apostles to different villages.

This example mentions that Jesus sent his apostles to different villages (6:7), because in 6:30, the apostles returned to Jesus.

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SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 7:6

Paragraph 7:6–13

In this paragraph, Jesus responded to the rebuke of the Pharisees and teachers of the law. But he did not explain to them directly why his disciples did not follow the tradition of the Jewish ancestors. Instead he told them that they fulfilled a prophecy from Isaiah about people who followed human traditions rather than God’s laws (7:6–8). He then gave a specific example of one of God’s laws that they prevented people from obeying. They did this by insisting that people follow the traditions of the ancestors (7:9–13) instead of God’s law.

7:6a

Jesus answered them: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Jesus answered them is literally “And he said to them” (as in the Revised Standard Version). Jesus was replying to the rhetorical question in 7:5. Because of this, a verb such as “replied” or “answered” may be more natural in some languages.

Isaiah: Isaiah is the name of a prophet. He lived many years before the time of Jesus. See how you translated Isaiah and “prophet” in 1:2a.

prophesied correctly about you: In this context, the verb prophesied means “gave a message from God.” This message (quoted from Isaiah 29:13) originally described the people living in Isaiah’s time. Jesus said that Isaiah prophesied about you (the Pharisees and teachers of the law). He meant that Isaiah’s message described the character of the Jewish leaders of Jesus’ time very accurately.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

make known the words from God about you
-or-
God’s message that Isaiah said about you

See prophet in the Glossary.

hypocrites: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as hypocrites refers literally to actors. Actors are like hypocrites because what they appear to be is not what they really are. Hypocrites often:

(a) acted in a way that did not fit what they said they believed.

(b) believed that they honored God, but they did not truly love and honor him.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

false servants of God (Translator’s Reference Translation)
-or-
people who only say they are righteous

In some languages people may use an idiom for this idea.

7:6b

it is written: Jesus often used the expression it is written when he quoted the Old Testament Scriptures. Some things to consider when you translate this expression are:

• Your language may already have a formula that is used to introduce a quotation from sacred writings. Consider if you could use that formula here, possibly with slight modification.

• In some languages you will need to make explicit that the quotation comes from Scripture. For example:

This is what is written in God’s word.

• If your language would express this using an active verb, you could say something like:

As we/people read in the Scriptures
-or-
This is what God caused him to write

See how you translated this expression in 1:2a.

General Comment on 7:6a–b

In some languages it may be more natural to combine or reorder some of the phrases in these verse parts. For example:

What Isaiah said/prophesied in God’s written words about hypocrites like you is true/correct
-or-
Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites in Scripture (God’s Word)

Notice that the God’s Word has made implicit the phrase “as it is written.” For an English audience, the phrase “in Scripture” implies that the prophecy was written, so both phrases are not necessary. Express this information in a natural way in your language.

7:6c–7b

These words are quoted from Isaiah 29:13.

7:6c–d

These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me: In Greek, the phrase with their lips occurs in a position of emphasis. The word order indicates that the main contrast is between external worship (with their lips) and internal reality (their hearts). In some languages, it may be possible to express this contrast by saying:

These people, it is only with their lips/words that they honor me, but their hearts are far from me.

Express this contrast in a way that is natural in your language.

7:6c

These people: When Isaiah originally spoke these words, the phrase These people referred to the Jewish people who acted like this. Jesus said that the Pharisees were also the people that Isaiah had spoken about.

The people to whom Jesus spoke and to whom Isaiah spoke were all Jewish. So in some languages it may be natural to translate this as:

You(plur) people

honor Me with their lips: The phrase honor Me with their lips is a figure of speech (metonymy) in which their lips stands for “their words.” This means that the Pharisees honored/praised God with their words.

If this figure of speech is not clear or natural in your language, you may:

• Substitute a similar figure of speech. For example:

These people praise me with their mouths/tongues

• Omit the figure of speech and express the meaning directly. For example:

You praise me in what you say
-or-
These people show honor to me with words (New Century Version)

Me: Jesus was quoting from the book of Isaiah, which was quoting the words of God. So the pronoun Me refers to God. In some languages it may be necessary to use indirect speech in order to make this clear. See the General Comment on 7:6b–7b after 7:7b for an example.

7:6d

but their hearts are far from me: This clause contrasts what the people say (7:6c) and their true, inner attitude toward God.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

All of you praise me with your words, but you never really think about me. (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
You say that you want to honor me, but you do not care about what truly honors me.

their hearts: In the New Testament, the word heart refers figuratively to the mind, emotions, and will of a person. It refers to the part of a person that he uses to think, feel, and make decisions. In some languages people refer figuratively to this part of a person as his mind, throat, liver, or stomach. They are not referring literally to that physical part of the body. You should use the expression in your language that is natural to refer to this spiritual part of a person.

far from Me: The words far from Me are a figurative expression that means that the people had turned away from God. They had turned away:

(a) with their minds and did not think of God,

(b) with their will and did not obey God,

In your translation, try to find an expression that implies or suggests all of these things.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

but their minds/livers/stomachs are far from me
-or-
but in their hearts/throats/thoughts, they have turned away from me
-or-
but they do not mean what they say

If one term expresses only part of the meaning, you may be able to use a combination of terms. For example:

they do not truly love me or think about me

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Source: SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 2008

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 1:22

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 2:12

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 3:17

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 4:15

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:7

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 5:39

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 6:29

SIL Translator's Notes on Mark 7:6

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