SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 2013 – Page 140

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 4:42

Paragraph 4:42–44

Verses 4:42–44 tell the same story that is in Mark 1:35–39. Jesus wanted to get away from all the people in order to pray.

4:42a

At daybreak: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as At daybreak is more literally “when day came.” This is a general way to refer to the next morning before the sun came up. Some other ways to translate this are:

The next morning (NET Bible)
-or-
Early the next morning (New Living Translation (2004))

Jesus went out: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as went out is literally “having-gone-out he went.” This phrase may imply that Jesus went out of the house or that he went out of the town. Both possibilities may be implied by the next phrase, which says that he went to a solitary place. Consider whether it is necessary in your language to make explicit that Jesus left the house or left the town. For example:

he left the house (New Jerusalem Bible)

to a solitary place: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as to a solitary place refers to a desolate area where few people lived. This was a place where Jesus could be alone to pray. For example:

a place where he could be alone (Contemporary English Version)

This Greek word has the same root as the word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as “wilderness” in 4:1b.

You could also translate this as:

isolated place (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
secluded place (New American Standard Bible)
-or-
a remote spot (Revised English Bible)

Some languages have a special word to refer to such areas, such as “the bush” (Africa) or “steppes” (Asia). It may be appropriate to use such a word if it does not have wrong cultural connotations in this context.

4:42b

and the crowds were looking for Him: Some English versions say “the people” for the Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates literally as the crowds. When the crowds of people realized that Jesus had left their town, many of them started to search for him. Some other ways to translate this are:

The crowds searched for him (God’s Word)
-or-
The people started looking for him (Good News Translation)

the crowds: In some languages it may be necessary to identify the crowds. The people who looked for Jesus were people from the town of Capernaum.

4:42c

They came to Him: The phrase They came to Him means that the people found Jesus and approached him. For example:

when they found him (Good News Translation)
-or-
when they finally found him (New Living Translation (2004))

4:42d

and tried to keep Him from leaving: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as and tried to keep Him from leaving means that the people tried to stop Jesus from leaving their town (Capernaum). They tried to prevent him from going to another place. They wanted him to stay with them.

Some other ways to translate this are:

they tried to stop him from leaving (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
they begged him not to leave them (New Living Translation (2004))

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SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 5:30

5:30a

But: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as But is literally “And.” It introduces what happened next in the story. This next event happened after the meal. Connect this verse in a way that is natural in your language. For example:

Then
-or-
However

In some languages, a conjunction is not necessary here.

the Pharisees and their scribes: The phrase the Pharisees and their scribes indicates that only the scribes who were Pharisees joined other Pharisees in the complaining (see Mark 2:16). Some of the scribes at this banquet belonged to the Pharisee party and others did not. Some other ways to translate this are:

the Pharisees, including the teachers of the law among them
-or-
the Pharisees and the teachers of the law who belonged to their sect (New International Version)
-or-
Some Pharisees and some teachers of the Law who belonged to their group (Good News Translation)

the Pharisees: See the note on Pharisees at 5:17a.

their scribes: See the note on scribes at 5:17a. See teacher of the law in the Glossary.

complained: The verb complained here means “grumbled” or “protested.” These religious leaders were disturbed that Jesus and his disciples were eating with tax collectors.

The form of the Greek verb may indicate that they continued complaining for a period of time, rather than that they complained just once. It may also indicate the beginning of such a period. Some English versions therefore translate this as:

began grumbling (New American Standard Bible)
-or-
began to complain (New Century Version)

to Jesus’ disciples: The Pharisees addressed their complaints to Jesus’ disciples. They did not speak to Jesus. However, their complaints concerned Jesus. In some languages it may be more natural to say they “complained against” rather than “complained to.” This is because the disciples were included in the group they complained about.

disciples: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as disciples means “learners” who are in a relationship with a teacher. The learners commit themselves to their teacher in order to learn from him and live according to his teaching and example. In the New Testament, disciples often lived with their teacher and followed him wherever he went.

Some ways to translate disciples are:

• Use a term that refers to people who learn from a teacher or an expert. It is helpful if the term also implies that the learners are often with his teacher. For example:

learners/students
-or-
apprentices

Be careful not to use a term that would refer only to a student in a school or classroom.

• Use a term that refers to people who follow a teacher or leader by obeying his teaching. It is helpful if this term also implies learning from the teacher and actually following the teacher wherever he goes. For example:

followers
-or-
those who are committed/faithful (to a teacher/leader)

See disciple in the Glossary for more information.

5:30b

Why do you eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners?: This is a rhetorical question. The religious leaders were rebuking and criticizing Jesus and the disciples because they ate with tax collectors and other sinners. They believed that close contact with such people would make them unclean and unfit for worshiping God with other people.

Some ways to translate this rebuke are:

• As a rhetorical question. For example:

Why do you eat and drink with those tax collectors and other sinners? (Contemporary English Version)

• As a statement or exclamation. For example:

You should not be eating and drinking with tax collectors and sinners!
-or-
You are wrong to eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners.

Translate this rebuke in a way that is natural in your language.

you: The word you here is plural and includes Jesus as well as his disciples.

eat and drink with: The phrase eat and drink with is an idiom. It means “have meals with.” Jesus was in the habit of eating meals in the company of sinners. This was not the only time he did this. Another way to translate this is:

have your meals with (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)

tax collectors and sinners: The Pharisees were speaking about people whom they considered worse sinners than others. In your translation, it should be clear that tax collectors were included among the sinners. Some ways to translate this are:

those tax collectors and other sinners (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
such scum (New Living Translation (2004))

If you are using footnotes to give background information, you might use one here:

Jews believed that all Jews, except the most sinful, would be saved. Tax collectors were one class of people who were considered terrible sinners, and so God would not save them. Most Jews who kept God’s law would not enter the house of a tax collector or eat a meal with him

tax collectors: See the note on “tax collector” at 5:27b.

sinners: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as sinners refers to people who habitually do what is against God’s law. The Pharisees had added many other rules to God’s law. They considered people who did not obey those rules to be sinners. They also believed that such people deserved to be outcasts. Tax collectors were included in this group of people.

The Bible implies that God did not necessarily consider such people to be worse sinners than other people. The New International Version indicates this by using single quote marks: ‘sinners.’ In some languages there may be a special way to refer to people whom others consider to be bad.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 6:23

6:23a

Rejoice: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Rejoice also means “be happy.” Some other ways to translate this word are:

be happy (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
Be glad (Good News Translation)

in that day: The phrase in that day means “at that time.” Jesus’ followers should rejoice at the very moment when people do evil things to them. It refers back to the “now” of the previous statements about being “blessed.” Some other ways to translate this are:

when that happens (Good News Translation)
-or-
at that time (New Century Version)
-or-
then (God’s Word)

and leap for joy: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as leap for joy means “jump up and down because you are so happy.” For example:

jump for joy (Contemporary English Version)

This phrase describes how a person acts when he or she is very happy. Jesus was saying that believers should celebrate when people hate and insult them.

In some cultures, leaping/jumping is not a way that people show joy. If that it true in your culture, you may want describe the extreme happiness in another way. For example:

and dance for joy (Good News Translation)
-or-
and be very happy (God’s Word)

General Comment on 6:23a

The two commands “Rejoice” and “leap for joy” are a doublet. These two commands have a similar meaning. By restating the command, Jesus added emphasis to it. In some languages, stating the same idea in two different ways may not be a natural way to add emphasis. If your language is like that, you may translate both commands as one emphatic command. For example:

Be very glad/happy in that day
-or-
Be full of joy at that time (New Century Version)

6:23b

because: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as because introduces the reason why the disciples should rejoice. They should rejoice because their reward in heaven is great.

In Greek, an exclamation word is added to the conjunction because. This word literally means “look” or “see,” and English versions sometimes translate it as “behold.” It draws attention to the reason why the disciples should rejoice. The Berean Standard Bible does not translate this word.

Some ways to translate this conjunction and exclamation are:

because, look/listen
-or-
for—pay attention to this—

great is your reward in heaven: The phrase great is your reward in heaven means “you will receive a great reward in heaven.” Some other ways to translate this are:

You have a great reward in heaven (God’s Word)
-or-
a great reward is kept for you in heaven (Good News Translation)
-or-
you have a great reward waiting for you in heaven (New Century Version)

This phrase states the reason why the disciples should obey the command to rejoice. They should rejoice because God promises to give them a great reward in heaven. Jesus was saying that God will honor their faithfulness to him when they suffer because they are his disciples. In some languages, it may be natural to say explicitly that God gives the reward. For example:

⌊God⌋ will reward you greatly in heaven.

reward: A reward is normally something good that people receive because of something that they have done. In this verse, the meaning of reward focuses on being honored for following Jesus faithfully. Some other ways to translate the word reward are:

you will be greatly honored
-or-
you will receive great honor

heaven: Here the word heaven refers to the place where God lives. See heaven, Meaning 2, in the Glossary.

6:23c

For their fathers treated the prophets in the same way: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as For introduces the reason why the disciples are blessed (in 6:22a). They are blessed even when people hate them, because the ancestors of those people treated the prophets the same way. The fact that people mistreat them proves that they too are true followers of God, just like the prophets.

In some languages, it may be necessary to make some of this information explicit. Or it may be necessary to repeat part of 6:22a. For example:

For that is how their fathers treated the prophets ⌊and it shows that you too are true followers⌋.
-or-

⌊Blessed are you when people mistreat you,⌋ because this is how their fathers treated the prophets.

In some languages, it may be more natural to put 6:22c before 6:22a. See the General Comment on 6:23a–c below for an example.

their fathers treated the prophets in the same way: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as in the same way is literally “according to the same.” Here it means that the prophets were treated in the same way as Jesus said that his disciples would be treated. Some other ways to translate this are:

their ancestors did the same things to the prophets (NET Bible)
-or-
their ancestors treated the ancient prophets that same way (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
that is exactly how their fathers treated the prophets (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)

their fathers: The phrase their fathers is a figure of speech. It means “ancestors.” For example:

their ancestors (Good News Translation)

These were the ancestors of the people who lived at the time when Jesus lived.

prophets: The word prophets describes people who spoke on behalf of God. They told people what God revealed to them. God gave some prophets power to work miracles. These miracles helped people realize that God sent the prophet. Some ways to translate prophets are:

spokesmen for God
-or-
men who speak God’s words
-or-
God’s message-speakers

It is good to use a general term that does not focus only on foretelling the future. Although prophets did foretell the future, they also gave people other messages from God. They especially told them to stop sinning and to obey God.

When you choose a term for prophet, consider how you will distinguish prophet from other words which are similar in meaning such as “angel,” “apostle,” and “preacher.”

This word also occurs in 1:70.

General Comment on 6:23a–c

In some languages, it will be more natural to reorder 6:23 so that 6:23c comes immediately after 6:22. For example:

22aBlessed are you when men hate you, 22bwhen they exclude you and insult you 22cand reject your name as evil…23cbecause that is how their fathers treated the prophets. 23a⌊So⌋ when this happens to you, rejoice and leap for joy, 23bbecause your reward is great in heaven.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 7:6

Paragraph 7:6–8

7:6a

So: The word So introduces what happened as a result of what the messengers said in 7:4–5. Connect these verses in a way that is natural in your language.

Jesus went with them: Jesus went with the Jewish elders toward the officer’s house where the sick man was. The house is mentioned in 7:6b. In some languages it may be necessary to mention it here:

Jesus went with them ⌊to the officer’s house⌋

Jesus did not actually reach the house. So it may be necessary to say something like:

Jesus went with them ⌊toward the centurion’s house⌋
-or-
Now Jesus started on His way with them (New American Standard Bible)

7:6b

He was not far from the house: If you mentioned the house in 7:6a, it may be natural to leave it implicit here. For example:

He was not far away
-or-
He did not have far to go
-or-
He had nearly gotten there

7:6c

the centurion sent friends with the message: The officer asked friends to go to Jesus and give him a message. In 7:4–5 the elders used indirect speech for the officer’s words, but here the friends quoted the words that the officer himself spoke. In some languages it may be helpful or natural to make this clear. For example:

…when the officer sent some friends to meet him. They gave Jesus this message from the centurion: “Lord…”
-or-
…when the officer sent some friends to speak to Jesus for him. They reported to Jesus that the officer says/said: “Lord…”

7:6d–8e

In this speech the officer’s friends reported what the officer said as if the officer himself were speaking. If this would not be natural in your language, see the General Comment on 7:6d–8e at the end of the notes on 7:8e.

7:6d

Lord: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Lord means “master” or “one who has authority over others.” People used this word as a polite title when they spoke to an elder or someone in authority. The Jews also used this same title to refer to God. The officer may have used it in a similar way to address Jesus as a person who had authority from God. Use a term in your language that could also be used in this way.

Other ways to translate this are:

Master
-or-
Chief
-or-
Owner
-or-
Sovereign

In some languages it may be necessary to add a word like “my” before such a term of address. For example:

⌊my⌋ Chief/Sovereign

See Lord, Context 3, in the Glossary.

do not trouble Yourself: This phrase is in the form of a command, but it is really a polite way to say, “I do not want to trouble/bother you.” The officer was saying that he did not want Jesus to come all the way to his house because that was not necessary. You may have an idiomatic way to say this, but be sure that it is polite. The officer had already caused Jesus to make efforts to help him, and in some languages you may need to make that explicit. For example:

do not trouble Yourself further (New American Standard Bible)
-or-
do not let me disturb you any longer
-or-
I do not want to cause you any more effort ⌊than necessary⌋

Here the officer meant that it was not necessary for Jesus to come to his home, but he still wanted Jesus to heal his slave. One way to make this clear is to mention the officer’s house here rather than in 7:6e. For example:

don’t trouble yourself by coming to my home (New Living Translation (1996))

7:6e

for: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as for introduces the reason why the officer did not want Jesus to go all the way to his house.

I am not worthy to have You come under my roof: Here the officer was saying that he was not worthy to receive Jesus as a guest in his house. He may have said this because he was a Gentile or because he considered Jesus to be much greater than he was himself.

come under my roof: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates literally as come under my roof is an idiom that means “enter my house.” Use a natural way in your language to refer to someone coming to a person’s house as a guest.

General Comment on 7:6d–e

In some languages it may be natural to reverse the order of 7:6d and 7:6e. For example:

Lord, 6eI am not worthy for you to enter my house. 6dSo please do not trouble yourself ⌊to come any further⌋.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 7:38

7:38a

she stood behind Him at His feet: The woman stood behind Jesus. He was lying down on a couch with his head near the table and his feet away from the table. She was standing next to his feet.

weeping: The action of weeping often expresses sorrow. Here the woman may have been feeling sorrow over the sinful life that she had lived. However, she was probably weeping mainly because she was very grateful to Jesus that he had forgiven her. In this context the word weeping does not imply loud wailing and crying out.

In some languages it may be helpful to include a footnote about the reason for the woman’s weeping. For example:

The woman may have been crying because she was sorry for her sins and/or because she was so thankful that her sins were forgiven (verse 47). (Translator’s Reference Translation)

7:38b

began to wet His feet with her tears: As the woman wept, her tears fell down on Jesus’ feet. The tears started to make Jesus’ feet wet, and as they continued to fall, they continued to make them wet. In some languages a word like “began” may not be necessary. Other ways to translate this are:

and washed his feet with her tears (God’s Word)
-or-
His feet were wet with her tears (Revised English Bible)

General Comment on 7:38a–b

In 7:38a the woman was standing, but the actions in the rest of the verse imply that she was kneeling or sitting at his feet. In some languages it may be helpful to make this information explicit. For example:

she stood behind him at his feet weeping. ⌊Then⌋ she ⌊knelt and⌋ began to wet his feet…

7:38c

wipe them with her hair: The form of the Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as wipe implies that the woman did this action many times. As her tears fell on Jesus’ feet, she used her hair like a towel to wipe his feet.

kissed His feet: The form of the Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as kissed implies that the woman kissed Jesus’ feet many times. Kissing his feet was a sign of deep reverence and humility, as well as gratitude.

kissed: In this context the word kissed indicates that the woman rounded her lips slightly, touched or pressed them to Jesus’ feet, and withdrew them. In some cultures, the action of kissing is not known. In other cultures, the action may imply something inappropriate in this context. If that is true in your language, here are some options to consider:

• Use a descriptive phrase and indicate the meaning of the action. For example:

She kept touching her lips to his feet ⌊to show her respect/gratitude⌋.

• Use a more general expression. For example:

She bowed over his feet repeatedly ⌊thanking him from her heart⌋.

7:38d

anointed them with the perfume: The pronoun them refers to Jesus’ feet. The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as anointed describes the action of applying oil or ointment to part of the body and rubbing it in. Here the term “anointed” does not imply a religious act. Other ways to translate this are:

putting perfume on them (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
rubbed them with the perfume
-or-
put the scented oil on them and rubbed it in

It was not the usual custom to put oil on someone’s feet. Normally people put it on the head. It is not clear if the woman poured out part or all of the scented oil. However, the form of the Greek verb here implies that the woman poured out the oil and rubbed it into Jesus’ feet many times.

General Comment on 7:37b–38d

There are eight verbs in 7:37b–38d. They are all part of one sentence in Greek. In Greek the first four verbs are background information, and the last four are the main verbs that describe four important actions. Here is the structure in Greek:

Background actions:

knowing that Jesus was eating,

bringing an alabaster jar of scented oil,

standing behind him,

weeping,

Main actions:

she began to wet his feet,

and was drying them,

and was kissing his feet,

and was rubbing ⌊them⌋ with the oil.

Translate these actions in a natural way in your language.

General Comment on 7:38c–d

In 7:38c–d the woman wiped Jesus’ feet with her hair, kissed his feet, and put scented oil on them. These actions expressed reverence and love. The actions were unusual in Jewish culture, but they were not offensive. They did not express any wrong sexual connotations. If these gestures might be considered offensive in your culture, it may be helpful to include a footnote. For example:

What the woman did showed great humility on her part and honored Jesus. These gestures also showed the grateful love that the woman had for Jesus. These were unusual acts in Jewish culture.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 8:20

8:20a

He was told: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as He was told is literally “it was reported to him” (as in the New American Standard Bible). The text does not tell who said this to Jesus. Other ways to say this are:

Someone brought him the message that
-or-
the message/report came to him
-or-
Jesus was told

8:20b

standing outside: The context implies that Jesus had been teaching outside, not in a house. If this is true, the phrase standing outside indicates that his mother and brothers were on the outskirts of the crowd around Jesus. You could make this explicit in your language if you need to. For example:

standing on the edge ⌊of the crowd⌋

8:20c

wanting to see You: This phrase explains the reason why Jesus’ mother and brothers had come to where he was. Express this reason in a natural way in your language. One way to translate it in English is:

because they want to see you

General Comment on 8:20a–c

If your language prefers indirect speech, you could say:

Jesus heard that his mother and brothers were standing outside wanting to see him.

In some languages it may be more natural to change the order of some information in this verse. For example:

20aSomeone told Jesus, 20b“Your mother and brothers 20care here to see you, 20band they are standing on the edge ⌊of the crowd⌋.”

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 8:52

8:52a

Meanwhile: The word Meanwhile is not in the Greek text. The Berean Standard Bible has supplied it in order to make the order of events clear in English. In other languages it may not be necessary to supply anything.

everyone: In this context everyone refers to all the people who were in the house when Jesus came. These would have been neighbors, friends, and relatives of Jairus as well as professional mourners.

weeping and mourning: The Greek verbs that the Berean Standard Bible translates as weeping and mourning refer here to the way that Jews mourned when someone died. The verb weeping refers to weeping or crying out loudly as an expression of grief or sorrow. The verb mourning can have several meanings. Here it can refer in general to formal grieving. It can also refer specifically to a person beating his breast with his fists to express intense grief.

Together these verbs describe the way that people weep and mourn when someone dies. Other ways to translate these two verbs are:

weeping and lamenting (New American Standard Bible)
-or-
crying and showing how sad they were (God’s Word)

In some languages there may be one specific expression with this meaning. If that is true in your language, you can use it instead of two different expressions.

8:52b

Stop weeping: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Stop weeping is literally “do not cry.” In this context Jesus implied that the people should also stop all the other ways that they were mourning over the girl. Other ways to translate this are:

Do not cry any more
-or-
Do not weep (Revised Standard Version)

8:52c

In this part of the verse Jesus gave the reason why the people should stop wailing. The Greek text has a conjunction that several English versions translate as “for.” Most English versions do not translate the conjunction, since the connection is clearly implied. Use a natural way in your language to indicate that 8:52c is the reason or explanation for Jesus’ command in 8:52b.

she is not dead but asleep: Jesus used the word asleep here to refer to the death of a person who will be raised back to life. (See John 11:11–14 and 1 Thessalonians 5:10 for other examples of this meaning.) Jesus knew that the girl was actually dead, and he did not mean that she was only asleep or in a coma. However, the mourners wrongly understood Jesus’ words in this way, so you should translate them so that that interpretation is possible.

You may want to include a footnote here to explain this. For example:

Jesus knew that the girl was dead. He said that she was sleeping because he knew that he would soon make her live again. Jesus also used the word “sleep” to talk about the death of Lazarus (John 11:11–14), another person whom he raised from the dead.

General Comment on 8:52b–c

In some languages it may be more natural to reorder 8:52b–c so that the reason for the exhortation is given first. For example:

52cShe is not dead but only sleeping. 52bSo, do not wail.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 9:28

Section 9:28–36

Three disciples saw Jesus’ glory

In 9:26 Jesus spoke about the time when he would return to earth and people would see his glory. Then in 9:28–36 God caused Jesus to be glorified for a short time. Peter, James, and John saw this. During that time, Moses and Elijah appeared and talked with Jesus. Peter suggested building shelters for Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. God showed these disciples that Jesus was greater than the great prophets Moses and Elijah because Jesus was God’s Son.

Some other examples of headings for this section are:

Jesus Talks with Moses and Elijah (New Century Version)
-or-
God showed three disciples who Jesus really was

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 17:1–12 and Mark 9:2–13.

Paragraph 9:28–33

9:28a

About eight days after Jesus had said these things: This clause indicates that about eight days passed after Jesus spoke the words in 9:27. Then the events of this paragraph began. In some languages it may be more natural to translate this as the Good News Translation has done:

About a week after he had said these things, Jesus…

9:28b

He took with Him Peter, John, and James: In this context, the clause took…with Him implies that Jesus asked Peter, John, and James to go with him. They went willingly with Jesus. In some languages, it may be more natural to say:

Jesus told/asked Peter, John, and James to accompany him

The verb took is closely connected to the verb phrase “went up” in 9:28c. In some languages it may be more natural to combine these ideas here. For example:

took Peter, John, and James up (New Living Translation (2004))

The words with Him may not be necessary in some languages. For example:

he took Peter, John, and James (New Century Version)

9:28c

and went up on a mountain to pray: Jesus went up a mountain because he wanted to pray to God there.

mountain: Some scholars believe that this mountain was Mount Hermon (9320 feet or 2814 meters in altitude). Mark calls this a “high” mountain (Mark 9:2). Use a term that would be appropriate in your language.

pray: The same verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as pray here also occurs in the form “praying” in 9:18a.

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Source: SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 2013