And I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians is literally “and I, behold me, the hardener of the heart of the Egyptians.” The emphasis on I and “behold me” should be seen in contrast with the emphasis on “you” in verse 16. New Jerusalem Bible shows this contrast with “Your part is to raise your staff … while I, for my part, shall make the Egyptians so stubborn.”

So that they will go in after them is literally “and they will enter after them.” As in verse 16, the idea of so that is suggested by the context. Revised English Bible changes them to “you” (plural). Otherwise it is not clear whether Moses is to stay behind or to cross with the Israelites. It is recommended that translators follow Revised English Bible‘s model. Contemporary English Version agrees with this interpretation: “they will go after you.”

And I will get glory over Pharaoh and all his host is exactly the same as in verse 4. His chariots and his horsemen are the same words used in verse 9.

Quoted with permission from Osborn, Noel D. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Exodus. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1999. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .