In the statement they all grabbed, the pronoun they may refer either to the Jews or to the Gentiles; the text is not clear and commentators differ.

The name Sosthenes appears only here and in 1 Corinthians 1.1. Although the identify is not certain, there are many who believe that these men are one and the same; the appearance of the name in the papyri is rare enough to make a good case for the identity of the two. If Sosthenes mentioned here is identical with the Sosthenes mentioned in the first verse of the first letter to the Corinthians, it would presumably be the Jews who beat him in front of the court. On the other hand, if Sosthenes, the leader of the synagogue was the ringleader of those who were opposing Paul, it is understandable that the Gentiles might have beaten Sosthenes. This seems to be slightly more probable in view of Gallio’s complete lack of concern. Having driven the Jews from the court, it would be unlikely that he would be completely unconcerned about their attacking a Christian who was identified with Paul. The same person Sosthenes, however, could at this time have been a leader of the synagogue and later be identified with the Christian community.

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on The Acts of the Apostles. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .