In the first sentence it will be good in many languages to add the word “women”; for example, “If the women want to find out….”

To know is the verb translated “learn” in verse 31, but the addition of “about something” in Good News Bible suggests that here, learning involves asking questions; that is something that they should do at home.

The phrase ask their husbands can be expanded to “ask their husbands about it”

It is shameful probably means that the woman brings shame upon herself if she speaks in a church meeting. So a translation may say “For if a woman speaks in a church meeting she disgraces herself.”

Speak: this is the ordinary verb for “speak” and should not be given any special meaning such as “chatter.”

Quoted with permission from Ellingworth, Paul and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, 2nd edition. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1985/1994. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .