12:5a

He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah: Mount Hermon is a high mountain that was the northern limit of Joshua’s conquests. It formed the northwest end of King Og’s kingdom.

Salecah: The town of Salecah was on the eastern boundary of the territory of Bashan. It was southeast of the Sea of Galilee.

Here are some ways to translate this part of the verse:

He ruled a territory stretching from Mount Hermon and Salecah in the north (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
His kingdom stretched north to Mount Hermon, east to the town of Salecah, (Contemporary English Version)

12:5b

all of Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites: The term Geshurites can also be translated “Geshur people.” They were a small group who lived northeast of the Sea of Galilee. Joshua and the Israelites were not able to conquer them.

and Maacathites: The term Maacathites can also be translated “Maacah people.” This was a small kingdom in modern Syria whose people continued to live in their land. Joshua and the Israelites failed to drive them out.

12:5c

and half of Gilead: King Og ruled over the northern half of Gilead. King Sihon ruled over the southern half of Gilead. You should translate the word Gilead the same way you did in 12:2d.

to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon: King Og’s territory extended south to the area that King Sihon ruled.

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