Here and in 2.22-23; 4.2-3; 5.1 and 5 the reference is to the identity of the historical man Jesus as Christ, the Son of God; see Introduction pages 3 and following.

For Whoever see comments on 2.5, for to confess see 2.23, for Son of God see 3.8, and for to abide in see 3.24.

Quoted with permission from Haas, C., de Jonge, M. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on The First Letter of John. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .