James: here Paul almost certainly means the brother of Jesus (see Matt 13.55; Gal 1.19). In certain languages where the translation of James presents particular problems, the translator should consult Guidelines for Interconfessional Cooperation in Translating the Bible, published in 1968 and revised in 1987 by the United Bible Societies and the Vatican’s Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, page 4.

All the apostles: all is expressed here in the Greek, though not in verse 5. The order of the Greek words may also suggest that all is emphasized, perhaps indicating a group larger than the twelve. The following verses strongly suggest that although Paul became an apostle later, he was not included in the group mentioned here.

Quoted with permission from Ellingworth, Paul and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, 2nd edition. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1985/1994. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .