Translation commentary on Tobit 8:3

The sequence of actions for the first half of the verse is:

(1) The odor of the smoke repelled the demon.
(2) The demon fled.

The idea of fled may be combined with the odor … repelled; for example, “The terrible [or, disgusting] smell made the demon run….”

The remotest parts of Egypt would be Upper Egypt (so New American Bible), a geographical term referring to the southernmost part of the country. From the point of view of the characters in Ecbatana, this was the other side of the world itself. Good News Translation and Contemporary English Version omit this element of remoteness in their texts, but Good News Translation supplies it in an explanatory footnote. The New Revised Standard Version footnote, “fled through the air to the parts” offers an alternative way of understanding the same Greek text. There an adverb is used which can mean “upward,” that is, “in the air,” or it can refer to the “upmost” parts of Egypt. Actually, the Greek text as it stands favors this latter interpretation. The translation found in New Revised Standard Version is supported by a slight transposition of words found in a few manuscripts and reflected in the Old Latin, but it can be derived from our text without this textual variation. Egypt was associated in Jewish tradition with magic (Exo 7.11). Upper Egypt was largely desert, and desert areas were associated in the tradition with fearsome demonic creatures (compare Isa 13.21; 34.14; Matt 12.43).

At once: The placement of this adverb is a problem. Both New Revised Standard Version and Good News Translation take it, as is most natural, with the two Greek verbs used for binding. It can, however, be understood as referring to Raphael’s immediate pursuit of the demon. New American Bible follows the Old Latin by inserting a verb to create a new sentence, “Then Raphael returned immediately.” This solves a later problem, for Raphael appears again at 9.1 back in Ecbatana, with no narrative explanation of how or when he got there from Egypt. However, translators are urged to follow the interpretation of New Revised Standard Version, Good News Translation, and Contemporary English Version.

Bound him there hand and foot: The idiom hand and foot means, as Contemporary English Version translates, “so tightly that he couldn’t move.”

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Tobit. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.

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