These were the heads of their fathers’ houses …: The demonstrative pronoun These refers to the names that follow in this verse. Heads is a literal translation, which may be expressed as “chiefs” (Bible en français courant, Nouvelle version Segond révisée) or “leaders” (Contemporary English Version). In most languages it is more natural to render their fathers’ houses as “their clans” (New Revised Standard Version) or “their families” (Revised English Bible, New Jerusalem Bible).

Epher is literally “and Epher,” but all translations, along with the ancient versions, correctly omit the conjunction.

Mighty warriors is literally “men warriors/vigorous of strength.” Other translations include “outstanding soldiers” (Good News Translation), “men of ability” (Revised English Bible), and “stout fighting men” (New Jerusalem Bible).

Famous men is literally “men of names.” In the Old Testament “name” frequently means “reputation.” To have a good name was to have a good reputation. To have a “name” could also mean that one was famous or “well-known” (Good News Translation). New Jerusalem Bible says “men of renown.” Nothing is known of the tribal leaders listed in this verse. The one named Jeremiah is certainly not the well-known prophet.

The repetition of heads of their fathers’ houses at the end of this verse may be considered unnatural in some languages. If so, this second occurrence may be omitted.

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on 1-2 Chronicles, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2014. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .