In verses 3-7 Jacob’s words are addressed directly to Reuben, Simeon, and Levi as individuals. Jacob pronounces punishment for crimes that have been recorded in the story of his life. In this respect these verses differ from all those that follow.

Reuben, you are my first-born: for first-born see 10.15.

My might: Reuben represents Jacob’s sexual vigor. Note how in 4.12 the LORD speaking to Cain said that the ground would no longer give him crops, which is expressed as “strength.” In that culture expressions relating to fertility were applied to crops, land, animals, and people as well.

The first fruits of my strength: see Deut 21.17. This expression, which matches my might in the first line, expresses the thought figuratively and makes the image more striking.

In translation it may be necessary to make these images clearer by saying, for example, “You are the product of my strength, the first child of my maturity” or “… my first child after I became a grown man.” If the language of translation has a satisfactory figurative expression, it should be used.

Pre-eminent in pride … power: pre-eminent translates a word meaning “surpassing” or “excelling.” The word rendered pride may mean “grandeur,” “excellence,” or “dignity.” We may translate, for example, “you surpass everyone in pride and power” or “your excellence and strength is greater than that of all others.” See Good News Translation.

Quoted with permission from Reyburn, William D. and Fry, Euan McG. A Handbook on Genesis. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1997. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .