inclusive vs. exclusive pronoun (Acts 1:21)

Many languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns (“we”). (Click or tap here to see more details)

The inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (“you and I and possibly others”), while the exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (“he/she/they and I, but not you”). This grammatical distinction is called “clusivity.” While Semitic languages such as Hebrew or most Indo-European languages such as Greek or English do not make that distinction, translators of languages with that distinction have to make a choice every time they encounter “we” or a form thereof (in English: “we,” “our,” or “us”).

“In Acts 1:21 Peter is introducing to a group of 120 believers the need of replacing Judas, and he says, ‘one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us’. Is he referring to the whole audience or only to the apostles? The Greek verb indicates ‘to company with’ and seems to refer to the apostles who accompanied Him constantly for three years. Then, since the apostles were in the group in the upper room, a choice must be made as to whether Peter would concentrate on the others of the group and refer to the apostles with an exclusive pronoun, or concentrate on the apostles and use an inclusive. It is likely the more common use would be the exclusive, since the apostles were in the minority, but the translator would have to watch for the way the language into which he is translating handles such matters.”

Source: Velma B. Pickett in The Bible Translator 1964, p. 88f.

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