Paragraph 1:13–15

In this paragraph, James taught that God does not tempt people. Our own sinful desires in our hearts and minds tempt us.

1:13a

When tempted: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as tempted refers to being “encouraged/enticed to do something wrong.” Some ways to translate this word are:

caused to desire to do what is wrong
-or-
persuaded to do evil
-or-
encouraged/urged to sin

Notice that there is a difference between being tempted to do something wrong and actually doing it.

Here the word tempted is a passive verb. There are at least two ways to translate it:

• Use a passive verb. For example:

When people are tempted (New Century Version)

• Use another type of verb. For example:

When you experience/undergo temptation
-or-
When you desire to do evil

This Greek word is related to the word translated as “trial” in 1:2b and 1:12a. It has a wide range of meanings in Greek. It can mean:

(a) “tested” to cause a person to trust God more.

(b) “tempted” to do evil. This is its meaning in 1:13.

The context indicates which meaning is intended.

In some languages, it is necessary to use a different word here than in 1:2b and 1:12a. This is true in English. In other languages, there may be one term which fits both testing/trials and temptations. This is true in Greek. In such a case, it may be necessary to add a phrase that indicates the purpose of the testing/trial. For example:

When we are tested to make us do evil
-or-
When we experience trials/difficulties which might cause us to sin

1:13c

“God is tempting me.”: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as God is tempting me is literally “I am being tempted from God.” The verb is passive. Some ways to translate this clause are:

• Use a passive verb. For example:

I am tempted by God (Revised Standard Version)

• Use an active verb. For example:

God is tempting me (New Living Translation (2004 Revision))

General Comment on 1:13c

In some languages, it may be more natural to use indirect speech here. For example:

No one should say that God is tempting him.

1:13d

For: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as For introduces the basis for James’ command in 1:13a–b. No one should say, “God is tempting me” (1:13a–b), because God cannot be tempted by evil… (1:13d–1:15). The basis for the command continues to the end of 1:15.

God cannot be tempted by evil: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as cannot be tempted by evil means that God never feels the desire to do anything wrong. He never wants to sin. So though someone might try to tempt him, he will never do what is wrong.

There are at least two ways to translate this phrase:

• Use a passive verb. For example:

God is never tempted to do wrong (New Living Translation (2004 Revision))

• Use an active verb. For example:

Evil cannot tempt God (New Century Version)
-or-
God never wants to do anything wrong

by evil: The word evil in this context refers to moral evil. It refers to acts and thoughts that are morally harmful and damage a person’s spiritual life. God will never desire to do anything that is wrong, sinful, or against his holy character and nature.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

wrong
-or-
sinful

1:13e

nor does He tempt anyone: The clause nor does He tempt anyone means that God does not encourage anyone to do something wrong. He never urges anyone to sin.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

and he doesn’t use evil to tempt others (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
and he does not try to make people want to do wrong

General Comment on 1:13a–e

In some languages, it is more natural to change the order of 1:13d and 1:13e. For example:

^13aWhen tempted, ^13bno one should say, ^13c“God is tempting me.” ^13eFor God does not tempt anyone, ^13dnor can he be tempted by evil.

© 2012 by SIL International®

Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

2:19

In 2:19, James gave more evidence to convince his readers that true faith is a matter of both faith and good deeds. People are wrong if they think that it is enough just to believe true things about God without doing good deeds.

2:19a

You believe that God is one: In this verse, James talked about a second meaning of the word believe. This type of belief is different than the type of belief that he talked about in previous verses. The two types of belief are:

(a) The type of belief that people have when they trust in God and entrust themselves to Jesus, the Messiah. This type of belief results in salvation. This is the type of belief that James talked about in 2:14–18 and 2:20–26.

(b) The type of “belief” that people have when they just believe something about God. This type of belief does not have any good works. This type of belief does not result in salvation. The demons have this same type of belief. This is the type of belief that James talked about here in 2:19. It means “accept that a certain statement is true.” It refers specifically to the statement God is one.

James used the same Greek word to talk about these two types of belief. If your language uses two different terms for these two meanings of “believe/faith,” it may be helpful to indicate how they are related. See the General Comment on 2:19a–d at the end of 2:19d for some suggestions of how to do this.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

You accept as true that there is one God
-or-
You affirm that there is one God
-or-
You are convinced that there is one God

You: In this verse, James continued to address the person who disagreed with him. So in Greek, the pronoun You is singular. However, James was also writing to anyone who believed that it was possible to have faith without good deeds. So, in some languages, it will be more natural to use the plural form of “you” here.

God is one: The Jewish belief that God is one was the most basic belief of all Jews. (This belief is expressed in Deuteronomy 6:4.) This belief was in contrast to belief in many gods. (There is a textual issue here. There are a number of textual variants, but the main point of difference is whether the definite article appears with “God” Some commentators (Moo (2000), page 130; Martin, page 77; Hiebert, page 186, for example) feel “God” with the article focuses on the unity of God (“God is one”) while “God” without the article would be a statement of monotheism (“there is one God”). Other commentators (Davids (1982), page 125; Lenski, page 584; Huther, page 92, Translator’s Handbook, page 89) suggest that the meaning of either reading would be the same – probably understood as an affirmation of monotheism. Independent of which textual variant is chosen (or whether one sees all variants as essentially expressing the same meaning), there is some question of whether this is a statement about the unity of God or his uniqueness (a statement of monotheism). The discussion in commentaries is somewhat confusing because some writers seem to use unity to mean uniqueness. That is, they state that this was about the unity of God, but then discuss unity in the sense of monotheism. Most English versions translate this as a statement of monotheism (as the New International Version (2011 Revision) does). For the versions that translate it as “God is one” (Revised Standard Version, English Standard Version, New American Standard Bible, NET Bible), it is not certain if they intend this to express the unity of God or his uniqueness (monotheism). In considering the context in which Deuteronomy 6:4 was spoken and the context of the book of James, it seems much more likely that this expresses monotheism (in contrast to belief in many gods) than it does the unity of God (in contrast to his fragmentation or division into three persons). In the Old Testament period (the context of Deuteronomy 6:4), the unity of God would have been assumed. And the trinitarian understanding of God existing in three persons was not well enough developed in James’ day to think that God’s unity (though existing in three persons) was in view.) This clause may be translated as:

there is only one God (Contemporary English Version)

2:19b

Good for you!: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Good for you is literally “You do well” (as in the Revised Standard Version). James was not completely praising his readers for believing that there is only one God. His point was that such faith is good, but it is not good enough. Even the demons believe that. If their faith was no more than empty words without deeds, it was dead/useless.

Some ways to translate this phrase and indicate that such faith is not sufficient are:

• Put the implied information after 2:19b. For example:

That’s good but not enough
-or-
You do well, but it is not sufficient by/in itself

• Put the implied information after the word shudder in 2:19d. For example:

Good! 19cBut even the demons believe that— 19dand shudder. So such faith is not enough/sufficient.

2:19c

Even: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Even here indicates:

(a) something unexpected. It is not likely that demons would be described as believing in God. But even they believe. For example:

Even demons believe this (Contemporary English Version)

(b) an addition. James’ readers believed that there is one God. Demons also believe the same thing. For example:

The demons also believe (Good News Translation)

If possible, translate this word with a word that can include both meanings. If you must make a choice, choose meaning (a).

demons: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as demons refers to spirits that are evil and can control people’s actions. The word demons refers to the same type of spirit as the Greek terms that are often translated as “evil spirits” and “unclean spirits.”

Some ways to translate demons are:

• Use a general term in your language that refers to spirits that are evil and can control people.

• Use a specific term in your language that refers to a certain type of spirit. These spirits should be ones that do evil things. Do not use a term that refers to spirits of dead people.

• Use a descriptive phrase. For example:

evil/bad spirits
-or-
unclean spirits
-or-
spirits who oppose God

Be sure that an expression like “unclean spirits” does not imply that the spirits are literally dirty.

believe that: The word that refers to 2:19a. It means “that there is only one God.” Even demons believe that there is only one God.

Another way to translate this phrase is:

even the demons have the same belief (New Jerusalem Bible)
-or-
even demons believe like that
-or-
even demons believe that there is one God

believe: Here the word believe has the same meaning as believe in 2:19a. It means to accept that something is true.

2:19d

shudder: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as shudder means “shake” or “tremble.” Here it means to shake or tremble because of fear. Some ways to translate this word are:

shake with fear (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
tremble in fear of him
-or-
shake with horror because they know that God will judge them

General Comment on 2:19a–d

James used the same Greek word to talk about two types of belief. Some languages use two different terms to translate these two meanings of “believe.” In such languages, it may be helpful to use both terms in 2:19 to show how they are related. For example:

You accept as true that there is one God. Good! But if that is all you mean when you say that you are trusting God, then you are just like the demons. Even they accept this as true, and it makes them shudder.
-or-
It is good that you are convinced that there is only one God. But the kind of in God that leads to salvation is more than that. Even the demons are convinced that there is only one God. They will certainly not be saved. Instead, thinking about this makes them shake with fear.

© 2012 by SIL International®

Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

4:9a

Grieve, mourn, and weep: The three verbs Grieve, mourn, and weep refer to the same act and attitude and all mean approximately the same thing. James used these three verbs to emphasize to his readers that they should be very sad because of their sin. In some languages, it is more natural to show this emphasis with one or two verbs plus an intensifier. For example:

Really be sad and cry over your^(plur) sins
-or-
Be very sorry that you^(plur) have sinned

Grieve: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Grieve refers to expressing inner sorrow. James wanted his readers to be sorry and sad because of their sin.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

Be sorrowful (Good News Translation)
-or-
Be sad (Contemporary English Version)

mourn: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as mourn refers to a severe form of grief or sadness that results in crying. Some other ways to translate this word are:

cry (Good News Translation)
-or-
be sorry

weep: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as weep means to cry. For example:

wail (New International Version (2011 Revision))
-or-
cry (God’s Word)

4:9b

Turn your laughter to mourning: The word laughter refers here to the foolish laughter of people who are following the ways of the world. Some other ways to translate this clause are:

Replace your laughter with crying
-or-
Let your laughter become crying

In some languages, it may be more natural to translate both laughter and mourning as verbs. For example:

Stop laughing and start crying. (Contemporary English Version)

mourning: The word mourning is the same Greek word that is translated as “mourn” in 4:9a.

4:9c

and your joy to gloom: Here James left a word implicit. In some languages, it may be necessary to supply this implicit information. For example:

and change your joy to gloom

This clause is parallel to the one in 4:9b. That one referred to the noises that people make (“laughter”, “mourning”). This clause seems to refer to the expressions on their faces. Another way to translate this clause is:

and your joy into sadness (New Century Version)

In some languages, it will be more natural to translate joy and gloom as verbs. For example:

Be gloomy instead of glad. (Contemporary English Version)

joy: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as joy refers to a state of being cheerful and happy.

gloom: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as gloom means sadness (as in the New Century Version). Your language may have an idiom describing someone who goes around with a gloomy, sad face.

General Comment on 4:9a–c

In 4:9a–c, James tells his readers three times that they should mourn because of their sin. He does this for emphasis. In some languages, it is more natural to show this emphasis in another way. For example:

Stop laughing and being so happy. Become deeply sorry and cry that you have sinned.

© 2012 by SIL International®

Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

1:24a

and: The Greek conjunction that the Berean Standard Bible translates as and here introduces more details about 1:23c. The person not only looks at himself, he goes away and forgets what he looks like.

Some English versions translate this word as “for.” But do not translate this verse as if it were the reason for 1:23. It further explains 1:23, but it is not a reason.

after observing: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as after observing is from the same Greek word as the word translated “looks at” in 1:23c. In some languages, it may be unnatural or unnecessary to repeat the word here. In these languages, it may be sufficient to translate this as:

after that
-or-
having done that
-or-
then

1:24b

goes away: Some other ways to translate goes away are:

leaves
-or-
walks away

immediately: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as immediately can also be translated as:

quickly (New Century Version)
-or-
soon
-or-
it is not long before

forgets what he looks like: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as forgets in this context means “neglects to do something about” what he has seen and quickly forgets it. He has an attitude of carelessness. He does not consider it important for him to do anything about what he has observed. See the note about the simile in 1:23a–24b.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

forgets what he saw
-or-
does nothing to fix the problem he saw and soon forgets about it

© 2012 by SIL International®

Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

3:5a

In the same way: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as In the same way introduces the application of the ship illustration to the tongue. Some other ways to translate this word are:

Likewise (New International Version (2011 Revision))
-or-
So too (NET Bible)
-or-
So it is with (Good News Translation)

In some languages, it may be natural to make this word a separate sentence. For example:

It is the same with the tongue. (New Century Version)

the tongue: In some languages, it is difficult to say the tongue without saying whose tongue it is. In such cases, it may be better to say:

a person’s tongue
-or-
the tongue of people
-or-
our tongue(s)

In this passage, the tongue represents the words that a person says with his tongue. In some languages, “the lips” or “the mouth” represent the words that a person says.

a small part of the body: Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

is a very little part of our body
-or-
is very small

3:5b

but: There is a contrast between the tongue (a small part of the body) and the great boasts that it can make. Some versions do the same as the Berean Standard Bible and use the word but to indicate this contrast. It is also possible to show the contrast without a conjunction. For example:

So it is with the tongue: small as it is, it can boast about great things. (Good News Translation)

it boasts of great things: The phrase it boasts of great things here indicates that the person’s tongue boasts or brags about the great things that it has done.

Notice that this is a personification. The meaning is that people use their tongues to boast about the great things they have done. There are at least two ways to translate this phrase:

• Keep the personification. For example:

it can brag about doing important things (God’s Word)

• Translate the meaning. For example:

people use their tongue to boast about the great things that they have done.

Paragraph 3:5c–6

Many versions begin a new paragraph in the middle of 3:5.

This paragraph illustrates the power of the tongue by comparing it with a small fire.

3:5c

Consider: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Consider is literally “behold!” or “look!” It is the same word as in 3:4a. This word introduces the next comparison and calls attention to it.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

Just think (Good News Translation)
-or-
Let us consider
-or-
Look

how small a spark sets a great forest ablaze: This sentence is more literally “Look how a small fire burns a great forest.”

James was probably referring to a small fire that a person may light in a wooded area. If he does not control the fire, it will set fire to a large area. This is something that can happen and does sometimes happen. James was not referring to any specific event.

a spark: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as how small a spark means “a small fire” (as in the Revised Standard Version).

sets a great forest ablaze: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as sets…ablaze is an active verb meaning “kindle,” “cause to burn” or “ignite.” The small fire ignites or sets fire to the forest.

Translate this in the way that best emphasizes the contrast between the large size of the forest and the small size of the fire that starts burning it.

a great forest: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as a great forest refers to a large area where there are lots of trees. Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

many trees
-or-
a large area full of trees
-or-
lots of brush/grass

© 2012 by SIL International®

Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

5:4a–b

In this verse, James condemned another sin of rich men. They cheated their workers by refusing to pay them what they had agreed to pay.

Look: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible literally translates as Look calls attention to something surprising or shocking. It does not necessarily refer to something that can be seen with the eyes. Since the main event in this verse is “crying out,” it may be better to start with “Listen!” rather than with “look!” For example:

Listen! (New Revised Standard Version)

Some other ways to translate this word are:

Pay attention to
-or-
Notice
-or-
Listen to me

Many English versions do not translate this word. Use a natural way in your language to call attention to what James said immediately following this word.

the wages you withheld from the workmen: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as withheld also means “cheated,” “defrauded,” or “refused to pay.”

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

You refused to pay the people who worked (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
the field workers whom you have cheated of their pay (New Living Translation (2004 Revision))
-or-
the pay you have held back from the workers (NET Bible)

who mowed your fields: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as mowed here refers to cutting the stalks of grain. This is the first process in harvesting grain.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

who harvested your fields (God’s Word)
-or-
who worked in your fields (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
who cut your grain

are crying out against you: This is a figure of speech called personification. In this personification, James speaks of the unpaid wages as if they were people who cry out. The wages were crying out that they should be paid to the workmen.

The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as crying out implies that the wages were:

(a) complaining to the rich men who cheated. For example:

Listen to their complaints! (Good News Translation)

(b) asking God for help. For example:

shout to God against you (God’s Word)

There are at least two ways to translate this figure of speech:

• Keep the personification. For example:

The pay you did not give the workers…cries out against you. (New Century Version)

• Translate the meaning. For example:

Hear the cries of the field workers whom you have cheated of their pay. (New Living Translation (2004 Revision))

General Comment on 5:4a–b

There is a lot of new information in these verse parts. In many languages, it may be helpful to divide the long sentence into two or more separate clauses or sentences. For example:

^4a–bYou refused to pay the people who worked in your fields, and now their unpaid wages are shouting out against you. (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
^4a–bYou failed to pay the workmen who mowed your fields. Look! Their wages are crying out against you!

5:4c

The cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of Hosts: The harvesters are the same men as the “workmen” in 5:4a. James said that their cries had reached God’s ears. This means that God had heard the workers’ complaints. James implied that God would soon punish the rich men for their sin.

Some other ways to translate this sentence are:

the cries of the workers have been heard by the Lord All-Powerful. (New Century Version)
-or-
The Lord of Armies has heard the cries of those who gather the crops. (God’s Word)

the harvesters: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as the harvesters refers to workers who cut the grain and gather it together to remove it from the field. Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

the reapers (NET Bible)
-or-
workers who harvested your crops (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
the workers (New Century Version)

the Lord of Hosts: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as the Lord of Hosts is taken from the Old Testament. It is a title for God that is literally “Lord of armies.” Even in the Old Testament, this title had come to mean “the supreme God” or “the Almighty God.” This means that God is the ruler of every power in the spiritual world.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

the Lord of Heaven’s Armies (New Living Translation (2004 Revision))
-or-
God, the Lord Almighty (Good News Translation)
-or-
the Supreme Chief/Ruler of all heavenly beings
-or-
the Lord All-Powerful (Contemporary English Version)

This title also occurs in Romans 9:29; Psalm 89:8; and Isaiah 6:3.

© 2012 by SIL International®

Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.

1:3

This verse describes in more detail how Christians should think about the tests of their faith.

1:3a

because you know that: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as because you know introduces the basis for the command in 1:2a. James told his fellow believers to rejoice when they face trials (1:2a–b) because such trials have good effects. Trials develop perseverance in the person who is tested (1:3c).

This word also implies that James’ readers already understood that when their faith was tested, the result would be perseverance. So James was reminding them of this truth.

Some other ways to translate this are:

because you^(plur) realize
-or-
because you understand
-or-
because you are aware
-or-
You know that (Contemporary English Version)

In some languages, it is more natural to put the basis before the command (1:2a). See the General Comment on 1:2–3 at the end of 1:3c for an example.

you: The pronoun you is plural and refers to all the readers.

1:3b

the testing of your faith: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as testing refers to the process of testing to prove that something was genuine. Here the phrase probably refers to persecution that tests whether a person was really loyal to Jesus as God’s Messiah. Because of persecution, some Jewish Christians were tempted to abandon their faith in Christ and return to their Jewish religion.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

when your faith is tested (New Living Translation (2004 Revision))
-or-
these troubles test your faith (New Century Version)
-or-
when you have difficulties and you^(plur) continue to believe/trust in Jesus/God
-or-
when you are tested and you prove that you are loyal to Jesus

your faith: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as faith refers to trusting in Jesus, relying on him, and being committed to him. It is based on the belief that Jesus is the Messiah and that he could save them from their sins.

Some other ways to translate this word are:

your^(plur) trust in Jesus
-or-
your loyalty/commitment to Jesus

If it is more natural to translate this word as a verb, do so. For example:

whether you^(plur) truly trust Jesus
-or-
that you really believe
-or-
if you are loyal to Jesus

1:3c

develops perseverance: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as develops perseverance means “produces the ability to continue to do something despite difficulties.” In this context, it means “produces/increases the ability to continue to believe firmly, even when difficulties arise.”

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

produces endurance (NET Bible)
-or-
you learn to endure (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
teaches you to continue/persist
-or-
teaches you patience

If there is an idiom in your language to express this idea, consider using it here.

General Comment on 1:2–3

In some languages, it is more natural to give the basis for the command (1:3) first, and then give the command itself (1:2). For example:

^3aYou know that ^3bthe testing of your faith ^3cdevelops perseverance. ^2aSo, my brothers, consider it pure joy, ^2bwhen you encounter trials of many kinds.

© 2012 by SIL International®

Made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA) creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

All Scripture quotations in this publication, unless otherwise indicated, are from The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible. BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee.