In this verse the themes of joy and punishment indicate what will happen to the faithful and to the disobedient respectively.

You shall see, and your heart shall rejoice is similar to the first two lines of 60.5. The verb see here does not indicate so much seeing something but rather experiencing God’s comfort and material blessings referred to in verses 12-13. Both Good News Translation and Contemporary English Version hint at this meaning by rendering You shall see as “When you see this happen.” Bible en français courant has “Yes, you will know that moment.” Your heart may be rendered simply “you” (Good News Translation). The Hebrew verb for rejoice is the same used in the third line of verse 10.

Your bones shall flourish like the grass is a somewhat unusual comparison, so some translations translate your bones as “your bodies” (New Revised Standard Version), “your limbs” (New Jerusalem Bible, New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh), “your strength” (Contemporary English Version), or simply “you” (Good News Translation, New International Version, Revised English Bible). However, in the Lament Psalms the word bones is often used to refer to the depth of feeling resulting from persecution or trouble (see, for example, Psa 6.2; 31.10). Here it is an idiom used to refer to the inner self of the people. The point of the comparison with grass is that just as grass flourishes, especially at springtime, so will the inner strength of the people flourish. The keyword is flourish, a verb that speaks of vitality. Good News Translation renders this line nonfiguratively by saying “it will make you strong and healthy,” but Bible en français courant keeps the figures with “and your old bones will regain life like grass at springtime.”

And it shall be known that the hand of the LORD is with his servants: Everyone will realize that the people’s joy and new vitality is the result of what Yahweh has done. His hand refers to God himself, especially his power. His servants refers to the people in Judah who are faithful to him (see the comments on 65.8).

And his indignation is against his enemies: Everyone will also realize that God shows his anger against his enemies. For indignation New International Version has “fury,” and Good News Translation uses “anger.” His enemies are those who disobey God among the people of Judah (see the comments on Isa 66.6).

Translation examples for this verse are:

• You will witness this happening, and you will rejoice;
your very bones will flourish just as grass does.
Then people will know that it is Yahweh’s power that helps his servants,
while his anger is directed against his enemies.

• You shall see these things happen, and you will rejoice;
you will gain vitality just as grass flourishes.
Then people will acknowledge that Yahweh helps his servants,
but he is only angry with his enemies.

Quoted with permission from Ogden, Graham S. and Sterk, Jan. A Handbook on Isaiah. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .