In this verse the prophet begins by asking his people who created the heavenly bodies. Then he directly answers it by saying it was God.

Lift up your eyes on high and see is an idiomatic way of telling the people to look up at the sky (so Good News Translation). Bible en français courant has “Look at the sky, up there.”

Who created these?: The Hebrew verb rendered created is also used in Gen 1.1. It only appears in biblical Hebrew with God as its subject. It is used frequently in chapters 40–66 to stress the uniqueness of Yahweh as the Creator (see 40.28; 41.20; 42.5; 43.1, 7, 15; 45.7-8, 12, 18; 48.7; 54.16; 57.18; 65.17-18). The demonstrative pronoun these refers to the sun, moon, and stars. Good News Translation confines it to the stars only (also Contemporary English Version, Bible en français courant, Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch).

He who brings out their host by number, calling them all by name: The pronoun He refers to God. As in verses 22-24, the prophet only uses pronouns for God here. He who brings out their host pictures God as leading the heavenly bodies as one would lead an army (so Good News Translation). This expression could mean he makes them visible, but in this context it probably refers to his creation of them. Their host refers to the sun, the moon, and the countless stars, as in 24.21 (see the comments there). New International Version says “the starry host.” By number means that, despite their vast number, God has counted them. Good News Translation says “he knows how many there are.” He also is calling them all by name (compare 45.3). This emphasizes the intimate relationship the Creator has with his creation. But more than that, to name something is to have mastery over it (see Gen 2.19). So the prophet is saying that God is master of all he has created.

By the greatness of his might and because he is strong in power not one is missing: Because of God’s absolute control over the heavenly bodies as his army, all of them are present. By the greatness of his might is parallel and synonymous in meaning with and because he is strong in power. Good News Translation combines these two lines into one, saying “His power is so great,” and so does New International Version with “Because of his great power and mighty strength” (similarly New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh). Not one is missing means all the heavenly bodies present.

Bible en français courant (1997) provides a helpful model for the whole verse: “Look [plural] at the sky, up there; see who has created the stars, who has made them come out, so that they are all there like an army on parade. He calls them all by their name. His strength is so great and his power is such that not one is missing on the roll call.” Other possible models are:

• Look up! Who has created the things you see?
It is the one who leads the army of them;
he knows how many there are,
calling each of them by name.
Because of his great power and mighty strength,
not one of them is missing.

• Look up to the sky.
Who created what you see there?
It is he who leads this heavenly army,
numbering and naming them.
Because he is powerful and has great strength,
none of them is absent.

Quoted with permission from Ogden, Graham S. and Sterk, Jan. A Handbook on Isaiah. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .