Translation commentary on Daniel 5:21

He was driven from among men: literally “from among the sons of men he was driven.” The expression “sons of men” speaks of human society in general. The passive must be made active in some languages by saying something like “they (indefinite) drove him out,” or possibly “God drove him out.”

Most of the rest of this verse is also a repetition of the account in 4.25. But the passive forms will have to be made active in many languages. Also, while this verse has wild asses, the text in chapter 4 has only “wild animals.” The mention of the particular kind of animal (asses) rather than the more general expression of chapter 4 should be retained here.

The wild ass of the Orient is quite different from the smaller and less intelligent modern European ass. But the important point in this context is that they are untamed. The text therefore focuses on the uncivilized character of the king’s behavior.

Until he knew …: or “until he learned…,” or “until he came to acknowledge” (Revised English Bible). The remainder of this verse can well be translated as a separate sentence, as in Good News Translation: “Finally he admitted….”

The Most High God: see 3.26.

Kingdom of men: as in 4.25 the singular kingdom may be translated as a plural. And men in this context clearly refers to human beings in general.

Quoted with permission from Péter-Contesse, René & Ellington, John. A Handbook on Daniel. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1994. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

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