Stood beside him: the vocabulary of verse 9 is repeated here to indicate that the soldier did as Saul had requested.

After he had fallen: see the comments on the use of this verb in verse 4 above. New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh has a footnote here which states that the meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain. This infinitive in Hebrew may be interpreted in two very different ways:
(1) It may mean literally “to fall on the ground.” This seems to be the intended sense of Revised Standard Version, and it is definitely the meaning of the Good News Translation translation. See also New Jerusalem Bible, “that once he fell he could not survive.” The translations in Revised Standard Version, Good News Translation, and New Jerusalem Bible (also Nueva Biblia Española) all understand the infinitive to mean that Saul had not yet fallen to the ground. New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh, however, says “for I knew that he would never rise from where he was lying.” Either interpretation is possible.
(2) As noted in verse 4, this verb sometimes means “to be wounded” or “to be killed in battle.” This extended meaning is the basis for the following translations: “for I knew that, stricken as he was, he could not live” (Revised English Bible), “for I knew that he could not survive his wound” (New American Bible,Parola Del Signore: La Bibbia in Lingua Corrente), and “for I knew that he would not survive after he had been severely wounded” (Anderson).

Crown: in many languages there is no specific word for crown. The term has to be rendered by “the headgear of the chief,” “the hat of kingship,” or something similar. The exact nature of the crown is not known. On the basis of archaeological evidence, some consider this to be an emblem worn on the forehead rather than a heavy crown set on top of the head.

Armlet: the Hebrew word so translated occurs only here and in Num 31.50, in the list of articles brought as gifts to the LORD. It was probably a kind of “arm chain” or a chainlike bracelet rather than a solid piece as the New International Version rendering, “band,” seems to indicate. Archaeological evidence suggests that this was worn on the upper arm.

My lord: the term of respect used here is the same as is sometimes used of God, but here it is clearly an indirect reference to David, to whom the Amalekite soldier is speaking. This indirect approach is also an indication of respect in the Old Testament, but in most languages today it will be more natural to use a direct reference as in Good News Translation. But note that, in addition to the pronoun “you,” Good News Translation adds “sir” to convey the idea of respect found in the original.

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel, Volume 2. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .